Office of Management and Budget

Office of Management and Budget
Agency overview
Formed	1970
Preceding agency	Bureau of the Budget
Headquarters	Old Executive Office Building
Employees	500
Annual budget	$70.9 million (2008)
Agency executives	Vacant, Director Jacob Lew, Director-designate
Parent agency	Executive Office of the President of the United States
Website
Office of Management and Budget

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is a Cabinet-level office, and is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP).

The former OMB Director is Peter Orszag, but President Barack Obama nominated Jacob Lew to replace him on the 13 July 2010.^[1]

Contents 1 History 2 Mission 3 Structure 4 Current Key Staff 5 List of Directors of the Office of Management and Budget 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

[edit] History

The Bureau of the Budget, OMB's predecessor, was established as a part of the Department of the Treasury by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. The Bureau of the Budget was moved to the EOP in 1939, and reorganized into OMB in 1970 during the Nixon administration^[2]. The first OMB included Roy Ash (head), Paul O'Neill (assistant director), Fred Malek (deputy director) and Frank Zarb (associate director) and two dozen others. In the 1990s, OMB was reorganized to remove the distinction between management staff and budgetary staff by combining those dual roles into each given program examiner within the Resource Management Offices ^[3].

[edit] Mission

The OMB's predominant mission is to assist the President in overseeing the preparation of the federal budget and to supervise its administration in Executive Branch agencies. In helping to formulate the President's spending plans, the OMB evaluates the effectiveness of agency programs, policies, and procedures, assesses competing funding demands among agencies, and sets funding priorities. The OMB ensures that agency reports, rules, testimony, and proposed legislation are consistent with the President's Budget and with Administration policies.

In addition, the OMB oversees and coordinates the Administration's procurement, financial management, information, and regulatory policies. In each of these areas, the OMB's role is to help improve administrative management, to develop better performance measures and coordinating mechanisms, and to reduce any unnecessary burdens on the public.

[edit] Structure

The Office contains significant numbers of both career and politically appointed staff; OMB staff provide important continuity within the EOP since several hundred career professionals remain in their positions regardless of which party occupies the White House. Six positions within OMB – the Director, the Deputy Director, the Deputy Director for Management, and the administrators of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, and the Office of Federal Financial Management are presidentially appointed and Senate-confirmed positions.

The largest component of the Office of Management and Budget are the four Resource Management Offices which are organized along functional lines mirroring the U.S. federal government, each led by an OMB associate director. Approximately half of all OMB staff are assigned to these offices, the majority of whom are designated as program examiners. Program examiners can be assigned to monitor one or more federal agencies or may be assigned a topical area, such as monitoring issues relating to U.S. Navy warships. These staff have dual responsibility for both management and budgetary issues, as well as responsibility for giving expert advice on all aspects relating to their programs. Each year they review federal agency budget requests and help decide what resource requests will be sent to Congress as part of the president’s budget. They perform in-depth program evaluations using the Program Assessment Rating Tool, review proposed regulations, agency testimony, analyze pending legislation, and oversee the aspects of the President's Management Agenda including agency management scorecards. They are often called upon to provide analysis information to any EOP staff member. They also provide important information to those assigned to the statutory offices within OMB, which are Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, the Office of Federal Financial Management, and the Office of E-Government & Information Technology whose job it is to specialize in issues such as federal regulations or procurement policy and law.

Other offices are OMB-wide support offices which include the Office of General Counsel, the Office of Legislative Affairs, the Budget Review Division (BRD), and the Legislative Reference Division. The BRD performs government-wide budget coordination and is largely responsibly for the technical aspects relating to the release of the president’s budget each February. With respect to the estimation of spending for the executive branch, the BRD serves a purpose parallel to that of the Congressional Budget Office for the estimation of spending for Congress, the Department of the Treasury for the estimation of revenues for the executive branch, and the Joint Committee on Taxation for the estimation of revenues for Congress.

The Legislative Reference Division has the important role of being the central clearing house across the federal government for proposed legislation or testimony by federal officials. It distributes proposed legislation and testimony to all relevant federal reviewers and distils the comments into a consensus opinion of the Administration about the proposal. They are also responsible for writing an Enrolled Bill Memorandum to the president once a bill is presented by both bodies of Congress for the president’s signature. The Enrolled Bill Memorandum details the particulars of the bill, opinions on the bill from relevant federal departments, and an overall opinion about whether the bill should be signed into law or vetoed. They also issues Statements of Administration Policy that let Congress know the White House’s official position on proposed legislation.

[edit] Current Key Staff

• Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Peter Orszag
  • Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget: Rob Nabors^[1]
  • Deputy Director for Management(Chief Performance Officer): Jeffrey Zients^[4]
    • Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management: Daniel Werfel^[5]
    • Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy: Daniel Gordon^[6]
    • Administrator of the Office of E-Government & Information Technology(Chief Information Officer): Vivek Kundra^[7]
    • Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs: Cass R. Sunstein ^[8]

[edit] List of Directors of the Office of Management and Budget

#	Name	Dates served	President	Notes
38	Jacob Lew	Nominated July 13, 2010[9] -	Barack Obama
37	Peter Orszag	January 20, 2009 - July 30, 2010	Barack Obama
36	Jim Nussle	September 4, 2007 - January 20, 2009	George W. Bush
35	Rob Portman	May 26, 2006 - 19 June 2007	George W. Bush	Portman had previously served President Bush as United States Trade Representative.
34	Joshua B. Bolten	June 26, 2003 - April 15, 2006	George W. Bush	Bolten went on to become President Bush's Chief of Staff.
33	Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr.	January 23, 2001 - June 6, 2003	George W. Bush	Daniels left and successfully ran for governor of Indiana
32	Jacob J. Lew	May 21, 1998 - January 19, 2001	Bill Clinton	Jack Lew served as deputy director of OMB from 1995 to 1998
31	Franklin D. Raines	September 13, 1996 - May 21, 1998	Bill Clinton	Raines went on to be CEO of Fannie Mae
30	Alice M. Rivlin	October 17, 1994 - April 26, 1996	Bill Clinton	Rivlin became a governor of the Federal Reserve after leaving OMB
29	Leon Panetta	January 21, 1993 - October 1994	Bill Clinton	Panetta went on to become President Clinton's Chief of Staff and serves under President Barack Obama as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
28	Richard Darman	January 25, 1989 - January 20, 1993	George H. W. Bush
27	Joseph R. Wright, Jr.	October 16, 1988 - January 20, 1989	Ronald Reagan
26	James C. Miller III	October 8, 1985 - October 15, 1988	Ronald Reagan
25	David A. Stockman	January 21, 1981 - August 1, 1985	Ronald Reagan
24	James T. McIntyre	September 24, 1977 - January 20, 1981	Jimmy Carter
23	Bert Lance	January 21, 1977 - September 23, 1977	Jimmy Carter	Lance resigned amid a corruption scandal
22	James T. Lynn	February 10, 1975 - January 20, 1977	Gerald Ford	Lynn left to head Aetna Insurance
21	Roy Ash	February 2, 1973 - February 3, 1975	Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford
20	Caspar Weinberger	June 12, 1972 - February 1, 1973	Richard Nixon	Weinberger later served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under Presidents Nixon and Ford, and as Secretary of Defense under President Reagan
19	George P. Shultz	July 1, 1970 - June 11, 1972	Richard Nixon	Shultz had previously served President Nixon as Secretary of Labor and would later serve under him as Secretary of the Treasury and under Ronald Reagan as Secretary of State.
18	Robert Mayo	January 22, 1969 - June 30, 1970	Richard Nixon
17	Charles Zwick	January 29, 1968 - January 21, 1969	Lyndon B. Johnson
16	Charles Schultze	June 1, 1965 - January 28, 1968	Lyndon B. Johnson	Schultze later served as Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Jimmy Carter.
15	Kermit Gordon	December 28, 1962 - June 1, 1965	John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
14	David E. Bell	January 22, 1961 - December 20, 1962	John F. Kennedy
13	Maurice H. Stans	March 18, 1958 - January 21, 1961	Dwight D. Eisenhower
12	Percival Brundage	April 2, 1956 - March 17, 1958	Dwight D. Eisenhower
11	Rowland Hughes	April 16, 1954 - April 1, 1956	Dwight D. Eisenhower
10	Joseph Dodge	January 22, 1953 - April 15, 1954	Dwight D. Eisenhower
9	Frederick Lawton	April 13, 1950 - January 21, 1953	Harry S. Truman
8	Frank Pace	February 1, 1949 - April 12, 1950	Harry S. Truman
7	James E. Webb	July 13, 1946 - January 27, 1949	Harry S. Truman	Webb later became the first administrator of NASA under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson
6	Harold D. Smith	April 15, 1939 - June 19, 1946	Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman
5	Daniel W. Bell	September 1, 1934 - April 14, 1939	Franklin D. Roosevelt
4	Lewis Douglas	March 7, 1933 - August 31, 1934	Franklin D. Roosevelt
3	Clawson Roop	August 15, 1929 - March 3, 1933	Herbert Hoover
2	Herbert Lard	July 1, 1922 - May 31, 1929	Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover
1	Charles Dawes	June 23, 1921 - June 30, 1922	Warren G. Harding	Dawes would later become vice president of the United States under Calvin Coolidge and the U.S. ambassador to the Court of St. James's (the United Kingdom) under Herbert Hoover

Source:^[10]

[edit] See also

• Metropolitan Statistical Area
• United States Federal Budget
• Office of Federal Financial Management
• Office of Federal Procurement Policy
• Office of E-Government & Information Technology
• Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Office of Management and Budget - organization's web site
• Death and Taxes: 2009 A visual guide and infographic of the 2009 United States federal discretionary budget request as prepared by the OMB.
• "The Decision Makers: Office of Management and Budget" GovExec.com, August 22, 2005
• OMB Regulatory Officials By Administration
• History OMB Regulatory Review

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