Tribuni militum consulari potestate

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The tribuni militum consulari potestate ("military tribunes with consular authority"), in English commonly also Consular Tribunes, were tribunes elected with consular power during the "Conflict of the Orders" in the Roman Republic, starting in 444 BC and then continuously from 408 BC to 394 BC and again from 391 BC to 367 BC.

According to the histories of Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the magistracy of the tribuni militum consulari potestate was created during the Conflict of the Orders, along with the magistracy of the censor, in order to give the Plebeian order access to higher levels of government without having to reform the office of consul; plebeians could be elected to the office of Consular Tribune.

It seems to have been a matter of choice of the people whether a collegium of Consular Tribunes or consuls were to be elected for a given year, and thus we see periods of either office interspersed with the other. The number of Consular Tribunes varied from 2 to 6, and because they were considered colleagues of the two censors, there is sometimes mention of the "eight tribunes".

The practice of electing consular tribunes came to a definitive end in 366 BC, when the Lex Licinia Sextia took effect, allowing the Plebeian order access to the office of consul.

[edit] Consular Tribunes by year

Presented by Varronian chronology. For more information on deciphering early Roman names, see Roman names.

444 BC

438 BC

434 BC

433 BC

432 BC

426 BC

425 BC

424 BC

422 BC

420 BC

419 BC

418 BC

417 BC

416 BC

415 BC

414 BC

408 BC

407 BC

406 BC

405 BC

404 BC

403 BC

402 BC

401 BC

400 BC

399 BC

398 BC

397 BC

396 BC

395 BC

394 BC

391 BC

390 BC

389 BC

388 BC

387 BC

386 BC

385 BC

384 BC

383 BC

382 BC

381 BC

380 BC

379 BC

378 BC

377 BC

376 BC

370 BC

369 BC

368 BC

367 BC

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