Ili Rebellion

Ili Rebellion
Date 1944-1949 Location Xinjiang Status Ceasefire, communist victory
Belligerents
Republic of China National Revolutionary Army	Soviet Union White Russian forces Second East Turkestan Republic Mongolian People's Republic	Communist Party of China
Commanders and leaders
Chiang Kai-shek Bai Chongxi Ma Bufang Zhang Zhizhong Ma Chengxiang Ma Xizhen Liu Bin-Di  † Ospan Batyr Yulbars Khan Masud Sabri	Joseph Stalin Khorloogiin Choibalsan Ehmetjan Qasim	Mao Zedong
Strength
National Revolutionary Army Several thousand Han Chinese and Chinese Muslim (Tungan) infantry and cavalry[1] 14th Tungan Cavalry regiment[1]:215	Thousands of Soviet Red Army troops Mongolian People's Army Uighur and other Turkic Muslim insurgents
Casualties and losses
unknown	unknown	unknown

The Ili rebellion was a Soviet backed revolt by the Second East Turkestan Republic against the Kuomintang Government of the Republic of China from 1944-1949.

Contents 1 Fighting 2 Ethnic Fighting 3 "Pei-ta-shan Incident" 3.1 PLA Invasion 4 American Telegrams 5 See also 6 References

[edit] Fighting

Liu Bin-Di was a Chinese Muslim Kuomintang officer and was despatched from Urumchi to pacify the Hi region. Liu Bin-di's mission, however, came too late.^[2] Liu was killed by Uyghur rebels backed by the Soviet Union.

The Soviet Red Army assisted the Uyghur army in capturing several towns and airbases.

The Chinese Muslim General Ma Bufang was sent with his Muslim Cavalry to Urumqi by the Kuomintang in 1945 to protect it from the Uyghur army from Hi (name for Ili at that time).^[3][4][5]

Ma Chengxiang, a Kuomintang Chinese Muslim General, and the nephew of Ma Bufang, allegedly used his Chinese Muslim cavalry to butcher Uyghurs during an uprising in 1948 in Turfan.^[6]

Bai Chongxi, the Defence Minister of China, and a Muslim, was considered for being appointed Governor of Xinjiang. The position was then given to Masud Sabri, a pro Kuomintang Uyghur who was anti-Soviet.^[7]

Ehmetjan Qasim, the Uyghur Ili leader, repeatedly demanded that Masud Sabri be sacked as governor.

All races in the Ili region, including White Russians and Tungans (Chinese Muslims), even though some of them were hated by the Uyghurs, were forcibly conscripted into the Uyghur Ili army. There were no Han in Ili region because they were removed by Uyghurs.

[edit] Ethnic Fighting

Mobs of Uyghur muslims in Urumchi on July 11 attacked houses belonging to Han chinese who married muslim women. The wives were abducted. In response curfew placed at 11 P.M. to restore order.^[8]

Riots against white Russians occurred, with Uyghurs calling for White Russians to be expelled along with Han Chinese.^[7]

[edit] "Pei-ta-shan Incident"

The Mongolian People's Republic became involved in a border dispute with the Republic of China, and so a Chinese Muslim Hui cavalry regiment was sent in response by the Chinese government to attack Mongol and Soviet positions.

Chinese Muslim and Turkic Kazakh forces working for the Chinese Kuomintang, battled Soviet Russian and Mongol troops. In June 1947 the Mongols and the Soviets launched an attack against the Kazakhs, driving them back to the Chinese side. However, fighting continued for another year, with 13 clashes taking place between 5 June 1947 and July 1948.^[1]:215

Elite Qinghai Chinese Muslim cavalry were sent by the Chinese Kuomintang to destroy the Mongols and the Russians in 1947.^[1]:214

[edit] PLA Invasion

The Uighur Yulbars Khan was on the Chinese payroll, and led White Russian and Chinese Muslim troops against the Communist Party of China. He was forced to flee through Tibet, where the Dalai Lama's troops attacked his forces, to Calcutta in India, where he then took a steamer to evacuate with the Kuomintang to Taiwan. He was then appointed governor (in exile) of Xinjiang.^[1]:225

[edit] American Telegrams

Multiple Telegrams between the Chinese government, the Mongolians, the American government, the Uyghur Ili regime, and the Soviet Union were exchanged. There were preserved by the American agents and sent to Washtington D.C. They can be seen here:

• UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS TO RESEOLVE POLITICAL PROBLEMS IN SINKIANG; EXTENT OF SOVIET AID AND ENCOURAGEMENT TO REBEL GROUPS IN SINKIANG; BORDER INCIDENT AT PEITASHAN.

[edit] See also

• Amur Military Flotilla
• Manchouli Incident
• Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
• Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang

[edit] References

v • d • e Armed Conflicts involving the Soviet Union International (Russian Civil War) · World War II · Korean War · Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia · War of Attrition · Ogaden War External (Polish–Soviet War) · Soviet–Japanese Border Wars  · Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)  · Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang  · Xinjiang War (1937)  · Winter War · Ili Rebellion  · War in Vietnam (1945–1946)  · Hungarian Revolution of 1956  · Eritrean War of Independence  · Vietnam War · Sino-Soviet conflict (1969) · Soviet war in Afghanistan

This Russian military article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

This Russian history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

This article related to the History of China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e