Andre Geim

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This name uses Eastern Slavic naming customs; the patronymic is Konstantinovich and the family name is Geim.
Andre Geim

Born 1 October 1958 (1958-10-01) (age 52)
Sochi, Russian SFSR, USSR
Residence England
Citizenship Netherlands
Institutions Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
University of Manchester
Radboud University Nijmegen
Notable students Konstantin Novoselov
Known for Work on graphene
Levitating a frog
Developing gecko tape
Notable awards Ig Nobel Prize (2000)
Mott Prize (2007)
EuroPhysics Prize (2008)
Körber Prize (2009)
John J. Carty Award (2010)
Hughes Medal (2010)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2010)

Andre Konstantinovich Geim, FRS (Russian: Андрей Константинович Гейм; born 1 October 1958) is a physicist. Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene. He is the Langworthy Professor and director of the Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology at the University of Manchester.

Contents

Biography

Andre Geim was born to Konstantin Alekseyevich Geim and Nina Nikolayevna Bayer on October 1, 1958. Both his parents were Russian German engineers.[1] Geim has stated, "My mother's grandmother was Jewish. I suffered from anti-Semitism in Russia because my name sounds Jewish".[2] Geim has one brother, Vladislav. In 1965, the family moved to Nalchik,[3] where he studied at an English-language high school.[3] After graduation, he applied to the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute.[4] He took the entrance exams twice, but was not accepted.[3][5] He then applied to the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), where he was accepted. He said the students had to work extremely hard: "The pressure to work and to study was so intense that it was not a rare thing for people to break and leave, and some of them ended up with everything from schizophrenia to depression to suicide." He received an MSc in 1982, and in 1987 obtained a PhD in metal physics from the Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP) at the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in Chernogolovka.[6][7] He said that at the time he would not have chosen to study solid-state physics, preferring particle physics or astrophysics, but is now happy with his choice.[6]

Academic career

Research partner Konstantin Novoselov

After earning his PhD, Geim worked as a research scientist at the Institute for Microelectronics Technology (IMT) at RAS, and from 1990 as a post-doctoral fellow at the universities of Nottingham (twice), Bath, and Copenhagen. He said that while at Nottingham he could spend his time on research rather than have to deal with politics, and determined to leave Russia.[8]

He obtained his first tenured position in 1994, when he was appointed associate professor at Radboud University Nijmegen, where he did work on mesoscopic superconductivity. He later gained Dutch citizenship. One of his doctoral students at Nijmegen was Konstantin Novoselov, who went on to become his main research partner.

In 2001 he became a professor of physics at the University of Manchester, and was appointed director of the Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology in 2002, and Langworthy Professor in 2007.[7] Geim's wife and his long-standing co-author, Irina Grigorieva, also moved to Manchester as a lecturer. Later they were joined by Novoselov. [3] Since 2007 he has been an EPSRC Senior Research Fellow.[7]

In 2010 Radboud University Nijmegen appointed him professor of innovative materials and nanoscience.[9]

Research

Graphene is an atomic-scale honeycomb lattice made of carbon atoms.

Geim's achievements include the discovery of a simple method for isolating single atomic layers of graphite, known as graphene, in collaboration with researchers at the University of Manchester and IMT. The team published their findings in October 2004 in Science.[10][11][12]

Graphene consists of one-atom-thick layers of carbon atoms arranged in two-dimensional hexagons,[13][14] and is the thinnest material in the world, as well as one of the strongest and hardest.[15] The material has many potential applications and is considered a superior alternative to silicon.[16]

Geim said one of the first applications of graphene could be in the development of flexible touchscreens, and that he has not patented the material because he would need a specific application and an industrial partner.[17]

"Spider-Man test" of gecko tape[18]

Geim was involved in the development of a biomimetic adhesive which became known as gecko tape—so called because of the adhesiveness of gecko feet—research of which is still in the early stages.[19] It is hoped that the development will eventually allow humans to scale ceilings, like Spider-Man.[20]

Geim's research into diamagnetic levitation resulted in a famous experiment in 1997 in which a frog was levitated.[21] He has also done research on mesoscopic physics and superconductivity.[8]

He said of the range of subjects he has studied: "Many people chose a subject for their PhD and then continue the same subject until they retire. I despise this approach. I have changed my subject five times before I got my first tenured position and that helped me to learn different subjects."[6]

He named his favourite hamster, H.A.M.S. ter Tisha, co-author in a 2001 research paper.[10][22]

View and opinions

Unbalanced scales.svg
 The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (January 2011)

Geim was one of 38 Nobel prize laureates who signed a declaration condemning international attempts to boycott Israeli academics, institutions and research centers. [23]

In his Nobel banquet speech, instead of praising his own work, Geim had chosen to speak about the general rise of "mediocrity and even idiocracy". One of his targets was research funding by the European Commission. [24]

At the Nobel Minds symposium hosted by the BBC, Geim described the Nobel Peace Prize committee's choice of Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobao as "condescending," saying "In the past ten years, China has developed not only economically, but even the strongest human rights supporter would agree also human rights have improved. Why do we need to distort this?" [25]

Honours and awards

Magnetically levitating a live frog, an experiment that earned Geim and Michael Berry the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize

Geim shared the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize in physics with Michael Berry for the frog experiment.[26] In 2006 he appeared on the Scientific American 50.[27] The Institute of Physics awarded him the 2007 Mott Medal and Prize "for his discovery of a new class of materials—free-standing two-dimensional crystals—in particular graphene".[28] In 2007 he was also elected a fellow of the Royal Society.[29]

He shared the 2008 EuroPhysics Prize with Novoselov "for discovering and isolating a single free-standing atomic layer of carbon (graphene) and elucidating its remarkable electronic properties".[30] In 2009 he received the Körber European Science Award.[31] The United States National Academy of Sciences honoured him with the 2010 John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science "for his experimental realisation and investigation of graphene, the two-dimensional form of carbon".[32] He was awarded one of six Royal Society 2010 Anniversary Research Professorships.[33] The Royal Society added its 2010 Hughes Medal "for his revolutionary discovery of graphene and elucidation of its remarkable properties".[34] He was awarded honorary doctorates from Delft University of Technology,[35] ETH Zürich,[9] and the University of Antwerp.[36] On 24 November 2010 Geim was made Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion for his contribution to the Dutch Science.[37]

Nobel Prize in Physics

On 5 October 2010 Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Novoselov "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene".[38] Upon hearing of the award he said, "I'm fine, I slept well. I didn't expect the Nobel Prize this year", and that his plans for the day would not change.[39] He said he hopes that graphene and other two-dimensional crystals will change everyday life as plastics did for humanity.[40] A colleague of Geim said that his award shows that people can still win a Nobel by "mucking about in a lab".[41] The award made him the first person to win, as an individual, both a Nobel Prize and an Ig Nobel Prize.[42] The lecture for the award took place on 8 December 2010 at Stockholm University.[43]

Published works

References

  1. ^ "RG-RB – 42". Rg-rb.de. http://www.rg-rb.de/2010/42/odi.shtml. Retrieved 30 October 2010. 
  2. ^ Gali Weinreb Nobel Laureate Geim: Life sciences suited for small countries Globes 16 November 10 [1]
  3. ^ a b c d Translated from the German by Alex Herzog, "Andre Geim, a German Russian, is Awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics", Germans from Russia Heritage Collection, North Dakota State University, October 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  4. ^ "най наших: лауреатом Нобелевской премии по физике стал российский немец" (Russian) (Google Translate). rusdeutsch.ru. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  5. ^ Agence France-Presse. "Nobel prize winner was 'B student': university". physorg.com. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  6. ^ a b c Murphy, John. "Renaissance scientist with fund of ideas". Scientific Computing World. June/July 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Geim's CV Nuvola-inspired File Icons for MediaWiki-fileicon-doc.pngDOC (56.5 KB). University of Manchester. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  8. ^ a b "A physicist of many talents". Physics World. February 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  9. ^ a b "Discoverer of graphene back at Radboud University as professor". Radboud University Nijmegen. 15 February 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  10. ^ a b (October 2009). "22 October 2004: Discovery of Graphene"PDF (2.14 MB). APS News (American Physical Society) 18 (9): 2. See the online version here [2].
  11. ^ "Radical fabric is one atom thick". BBC News. 22 October 2004. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  12. ^ Novoselov, K. S. et al. (22 October 2004). "Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films". Science 306 (5696): 666–669. doi:10.1126/science.1102896
  13. ^ Sanderson, Katharine. "Carbon makes super-tough paper". Nature. 25 July 2007. Retrieved 24 October 2010. doi:10.1038/news070723-7
  14. ^ Palmer, Jason. "Bendy gadget future for graphene". BBC News. 14 January 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  15. ^ Overbye, Dennis. "Physics Nobel Honors Work on Ultra-Thin Carbon". The New York Times. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  16. ^ Waters, Darren. "Nano switch hints at future chips". BBC News. 17 April 2008. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  17. ^ Brumfiel, Geoff. "Andre Geim: in praise of graphene". Nature. 7 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2010. doi:10.1038/news.2010.525
  18. ^ Geim, A.K., Dubonos, S.V., Grigorieva, I.V., Novoselov, K.S., Zhukov, A.A. and Shapoval, S.Y. (2003), “Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair”, Nature Materials,Vol. 2, pp. 461–3.
  19. ^ Black, Richard. "Gecko inspires sticky tape". BBC News. 1 June 2003. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  20. ^ Highfield, Roger. "Gecko lizards inspire 'Spiderman gloves'". The Daily Telegraph. 23 January 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  21. ^ "The Frog That Learned to Fly". Radboud University Nijmegen. Retrieved 19 October 2010. For Geim's account of diamagnetic levitation, see Geim, Andrey. "Everyone's MagnetismPDF (688 KB). Physics Today. September 1998. pp. 36–39. Retrieved 19 October 2010. For the experiment with Berry, see Berry, M. V.; Geim, Andre. (1997). "Of flying frogs and levitrons"PDF (228 KB). European Journal of Physics 18: 307–313. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  22. ^ Geim, A. K.; H.A.M.S. ter Tisha. (January 2001). "Detection of earth rotation with a diamagnetically levitating gyroscope". Physica B: Condensed Matter 294–295: 736–739. doi:10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00753-5
  23. ^ Dozens of Nobel Prize laureates condemn boycott campaign against Israel
  24. ^ Geim's Nobel Prize banquet speech
  25. ^ BBC Debate: Nobel Minds (December 11, 2010) Passage begins at about 19:00.
  26. ^ "Winners of the Ig® Nobel Prize". Ig Nobel Prize. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  27. ^ "Scientific American 50: SA 50 Winners and Contributors". Scientific American. 12 November 2006. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  28. ^ "2007 Mott medal and prize". Institute of Physics. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  29. ^ "Fellows". Royal Society. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  30. ^ Johnston, Hamish. "Graphene pioneers bag Europhysics prize". Physics World. 2 September 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  31. ^ "Graphene pioneer wins major international prize". University of Manchester. 21 April 2009. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  32. ^ "John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science". United States National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  33. ^ "Top researchers receive Royal Society 2010 Anniversary Professorships". Royal Society. 16 October 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  34. ^ "The Hughes Medal (1902)". Royal Society. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  35. ^ "TU Delft honorary doctorate Geim wins Nobel Prize for graphene research". Delft University of Technology. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  36. ^ "Prizes and awards". University of Antwerp. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  37. ^ ANP. "Lintje voor Nobelprijswinnaars" (in nl). Brabants Dagblad. http://www.brabantsdagblad.nl/algemeen/bdbinnenland/7682670/Lintje-voor-Nobelprijswinnaars.ece. Retrieved 24 november 2010. 
  38. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010. For a video of the announcement, see "Announcement of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010. For the interview with Geim following the award, see "Telephone interview with Andre Geim". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  39. ^ "Materials breakthrough wins Nobel". BBC News. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  40. ^ "Research into graphene wins Nobel Prize". CNN. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  41. ^ Alleyne, Richard. "'Mucking about' with pencil lead and sticky tape wins Nobel Prize for Physics". The Daily Telegraph. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2010.
  42. ^ "Geim becomes first Nobel & Ig Nobel winner". Ig Nobel Prize. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.
  43. ^ "Nobel Lecture". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 26 October 2010.

Further reading

External links

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