List of Nazi concentration camps
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This article presents a partial list of more prominent Nazi concentration camps set up across Europe during World War II and the Holocaust. A more complete list drawn up in 1967 by the German Ministry of Justice names about 1,200 camps and subcamps in countries occupied by Nazi Germany,[1] while the Jewish Virtual Library writes: "It is estimated that the Nazis established 15,000 camps in the occupied countries."[2] Most of these camps were destroyed.
The Nazi concentration camps (German: Konzentrationslager) built by the Third Reich mostly between 1939 and 1942 were intended to hold large groups of prisoners without trial or judicial process, including Jews, gypsies, Slavs, prisoners of war and many others, seen as undesirable by the occupation administration. In modern historiography, the term refers to a place of mistreatment, starvation, forced labour, and murder. Some of the data presented in this table originates from The War Against the Jews by Lucy Dawidowicz.[3]
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[edit] Table of selected Nazi concentration camps
In the table below, Extermination camps are marked with light red, Concentration camps are marked with light blue, Labor camps are marked with Gray, while Transit camps and Collective points remain unmarked. Nazi ghettos are generally not included (see: List of Nazi-era ghettos instead). According to data presented in the table below, an estimated 4,251,500 people lost their lives in the camps.
Camp Name | Country (today) | Camp Type | Dates of use | Est. prisoners | Est. deaths | Sub-camps | Webpage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alderney | Channel Islands | Labor camps | Jan 1942 – Jun 1944 | 6,000 | 700 | Lager Borkum, Lager Helgoland, Lager Norderney, Lager Sylt | [2] |
Amersfoort | Netherlands | Transit camp and prison | Aug 1941 – Apr 1945 | 35,000 | 1,000 | [3] | |
Arbeitsdorf | Germany | Labor camp | 8 Apr 1942 – 11 Oct 1942 | 600 min. | none | ||
Auschwitz-Birkenau | Poland | Extermination and labor camp | Apr 1940 – Jan 1945 | 135,000 min.[4] in August 1944 | 1,100,000 min.[5] out of 4,000,000 rec. arrivals [6] | list of 48 sub-camps with description at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum [7] | [4] [5] [7] [6] |
Banjica | Serbia | Concentration camp | Jun 1941 – Sep 1944 | 23,637 min. | |||
Bardufoss | Norway | Concentration camp | Mar 1944 – ???? | 800 | 250 | [citation needed] | |
Bełżec | Poland | Extermination camp | Oct 1941 – Jun 1943 | 434,508 min. | [4] | ||
Bergen-Belsen | Germany | Collection point | Apr 1943 – Apr 1945 | 70,000 | 2 | [5] | |
Berlin-Marzahn | Germany | Early a "rest place" then labor camp for Roma | July 1936 – | none | [6] | ||
Bernburg | Germany | Collection point | Apr 1942 – Apr 1945 | 100,000 | 2 | ||
Bogdanovka | Moldova | Concentration camp | 1941 | 54,000 | 40,000 | ||
Bolzano | Italy | Transit | Jul 1944 – Apr 1945 | 11,116 | |||
Bredtvet | Norway | Concentration camp | Fall, 1941 – May, 1945 | 1,000 min. | ???? | none | |
Breendonk | Belgium | Prison and labor camp | 20 Sep 1940 – Sep 1944 | 3532 min. | 391 min. | none | [7] |
Mechelen | Belgium | Transit camp | July 1942 – Sep 1944 | 25267 min.[8] | 300 min.[9] | none | [8] |
Breitenau | Germany | "Early wild camp", then labor camp | Jun 1933 – Mar 1934, 1940–1945 |
470 – 8500 | [9] | ||
Buchenwald | Germany | Labor camp | Jul 1937 – Apr 1945 | 250,000 | 56,000 | list | [10] |
Chełmno (Kulmhof) |
Poland | Extermination camp | Dec 1941 – Apr 1943, Apr 1944 – Jan 1945 |
152,000 min. | [11] | ||
Crveni krst | Serbia | Concentration camp | 1941–1945 | 30,000 | 12,300 | ||
Dachau | Germany | Labor camp | Mar 1933 – Apr 1945 | 200,000 | 31,591 | list | [12] |
Drancy | France | Internment camp, transit | 20 Aug 1941 – 17 Aug 1944 | 70,000 | Three of five Paris annexes: Austerlitz, Lévitan and Bassano camps | [13] | |
Falstad | Norway | Prison camp | Dec 1941 – May 1945 | 200 min. | none | [14] | |
Flößberg (Frohburg) | Germany | Labor camp; Buchenwald subcamp | November 1944 – Apr 1945 | 1904 | 235 min. | [15] | |
Flossenbürg | Germany | Labor camp | May 1938 – Apr 1945 | 100,000 min. | 30,000 | list | [16] |
Fort de Romainville | France | Prison and transit camp | 1940 – Aug 1944 | 8,100 min. | 200 min. | none | [17] |
Fort VII (Poznań) | Poland | Concentration, detention, transit | Oct 1939 – Apr 1944 | 18,000 min. | 4,500 min. | [18] | |
Fossoli | Italy | Prison and transit camp | 5 Dec 1943 – Nov 1944 | none | |||
Grini | Norway | Prison camp | 2 May 1941 – May 1945 | 19,788 | 8 | Fannrem Bardufoss Kvænangen |
|
Gross-Rosen | Poland | Labor camp; Nacht und Nebel camp | Aug 1940 – Feb 1945 | 125,000 | 40,000 | list | [19] |
Herzogenbusch (Vught) |
Netherlands | Concentration camp | 1943 – Summer 1944 | 31,000 | 750 | list | [20] |
Hinzert | Germany | Collection point and subcamp | Jul 1940 – Mar 1945 | 14,000 | 302 min. | [21] | |
Janowska (Lwów) |
Ukraine | Ghetto; transit, labor, & extermination camp | Sep 1941 – Nov 1943 | 40,000 min. | none | [22] (see "A-Z") |
|
Jasenovac concentration camp | Croatia | Extermination camp for Jews, Serbs and Roma[10] | 1941–1944 | 100,000 min.[11] | 100,000 min.[12] | Stara Gradiška concentration camp, Sisak children's concentration camp, Donja Gradina, Jasenovac main | [23] |
Kaiserwald (Mežaparks) |
Latvia | Labor camp | 1942 – 6 Aug 1944 | 20,000? | 16, incl. Eleja-Meitenes |
[24] | |
Kaufering/Landsberg | Germany | Labor camp | Jun 1943 – Apr 1945 | 30,000 | 14,500 min. | [25] | |
Kauen (Kaunas) |
Lithuania | Ghetto and internment camp | ???? | Prawienischken | [26] | ||
Klooga | Estonia | Labor camp | Summer 1943 – 28 Sep 1944 | 2,400 | |||
Koldichevo | Belarus | Labor camp | Summer 1942 – Jun 1944 | 22,000 | |||
Langenstein-Zwieberge | Germany | Buchenwald subcamp | Apr 1944 – Apr 1945 | 5,000 | 2,000 | ||
Le Vernet | France | Internment camp | 1939–1944 | ||||
Majdanek (KZ Lublin) |
Poland | Extermination camp | Jul 1941 – Jul 1944 | 78,000 | [27] | ||
Malchow | Germany | Labor and Transit camp | Winter 1943 – 8 May 1945 | 5,000 | |||
Maly Trostenets | Belarus | Extermination camp | Jul 1941 – Jun 1944 | 65,000 | [28] | ||
Mauthausen-Gusen | Austria | Labor camp | Aug 1938 – May 1945 | 195,000 | 95,000 min. | list | [29] |
Mittelbau-Dora | Germany | Labor camp | Sep 1943 – Apr 1945 | 60,000 | 20,000 min. | list | [30] |
Natzweiler-Struthof (Struthof) | France | Labor camp; Nacht und Nebel camp; extermination camp | May 1941 – Sep 1944 | 40,000 | 25,000 | list | [31] |
Neuengamme | Germany | Labor camp | 13 Dec 1938 – 4 May 1945 | 106,000 | 42,900+ | list | [32] |
Niederhagen | Germany | Prison and labor camp | Sep 1941 – early 1943 | 3,900 | 1,285 | none | [33] |
Oberer Kuhberg | Germany | Concentration camp | Nov 1933 – 1935 | 0 | Former infantry base Gleißelstetten (Fortress of Ulm) | [34] | |
Ohrdruf | Germany | Labor and concentration camp; Buchenwald subcamp | Nov 1944 – Apr 1945 | 11,700 | [35] | ||
Oranienburg | Germany | Collective point | Mar 1933 – Jul 1934 | 3,000 | 16 min. | [36] | |
Osthofen | Germany | Collective point | Mar 1933 – Jul 1934 | ||||
Płaszów | Poland | Labor camp | Dec 1942 – Jan 1945 | 150,000 min. | 9,000 min. | list | [37] |
Ravensbrück | Germany | Labor camp for women | May 1939 – Apr 1945 | 150,000 | 90,000 min. | list | [38][39] |
Risiera di San Sabba (Trieste) |
Italy | Police detainment camp | Sep 1943 – 29 Apr 1945 | 25,000 | 5,000 | [40] | |
Sachsenhausen | Germany | Labor camp | Jul 1936 – Apr 1945 | 200,000 min. | 100,000 | list | [41] |
Sajmiste | Serbia | Extermination camp | Dec 1941 – Sep 1944 | 100,000 | |||
Salaspils | Latvia | Labor camp | Oct 1941 – Summer 1944 | 2,000 | [42] | ||
Skrochowitz (Skrochovice) |
Czech Republic | ||||||
Sobibor | Poland | Extermination camp | May 1942 – Oct 1943 | 200,000 max. | [43] | ||
Soldau | Poland | Labor; Transit camp | Winter 1939/40 – Jan 1945 | 30,000 | 13,000 | ||
Stutthof | Poland | Labor camp | Sep 1939 – May 1945 | 110,000 | 65,000 | list | [44] |
Theresienstadt (Terezín) |
Czech Republic | Transit camp and Ghetto | Nov 1941 – May 1945 | 140,000 | 35,000 min. | [45] | |
Treblinka | Poland | Extermination camp | Jul 1942 – Nov 1943 | 870,000 | [46] | ||
Vaivara | Estonia | Concentration and transit camp | 15 Sep 1943 – 29 Feb 1944 | 20,000 | 950 | 22 | [47] [48] |
Warsaw | Poland | Labor and extermination camp | 1942–1944 | 400,000 max. | 200,000 max. | ||
Westerbork | Netherlands | Transit camp | May 1940 – Apr 1945 | 102,000 | [49] |
[edit] See also
- Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics
- Research Materials: Max Planck Society Archive
For a discussion of how the number of victims is determined, see Holocaust victims and death toll.
[edit] Notes
- ^ List of concentration camps and their outposts (German)
- ^ Concentration Camp Listing Sourced from Van Eck, Ludo Le livre des Camps. Belgium: Editions Kritak; and Gilbert, Martin Atlas of the Holocaust. New York: William Morrow 1993 ISBN 0-6881-2364-3. In this on-line site are published the names of 149 camps and 814 subcamps, organized by country.
- ^ [1] United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: "Nazi Camp System"
- ^ a b Franciszek Piper, Construction and Expansion of KL Auschwitz ("Budowa i rozbudowa KL Auschwitz"). The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland (Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu), 1999-2010 (Polish)
- ^ a b Franciszek Piper, Dead victims of KL Auschwitz per nationality and/or profile of deportees ("Liczba uśmierconych w KL Auschwitz ogółem wg narodowości lub kategorii deportowanych"). The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland, 1999-2010 (Polish)
- ^ a b Franciszek Piper, Victims of KL Auschwitz ("Liczba ofiar KL Auschwitz"). The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland, 1999-2010 (Polish)
- ^ a b List of Subcamps of KL Auschwitz (Podobozy KL Auschwitz). The Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Poland (Państwowe Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w Oświęcimiu), 1999-2010 (Polish)
- ^ Schram, Laurence (2006). "De cijfers van de deportatie uit Mechelen naar Auschwitz. Perspectieven en denkpistes" (in Dutch). De Belgische tentoonstelling in Auschwitz. Het boek - L'exposition belge à Auschwitz. Le Livre. Het Joods Museum voor Deportatie en Verzet. ISBN 9789076109039. http://www.npdoc.be/Schram-Laurence/Schram-Laurence.htm. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
- ^ Mikhman, Dan; Gutman, Israel; Bender, Sara (2005). The encyclopedia of the righteous among the nations: rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust. Belgium. Yad Vashem.
- ^ http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Jasenovac.html
- ^ Stevan K. Pavlowitch (2008). Hitler's new disorder: the Second World War in Yugoslavia. Columbia University Press. p. 34. ISBN 0231700504. http://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=tomislav+dulic+ndh&source=bl&ots=O1bws0hBZN&sig=Wm0_ewM1kWh7g8lgybfZJlDB4m4&hl=en&ei=qIIzS6HRL4uInQPF5p3PBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=tomislav%20dulic%20ndh&f=false.
- ^ Stevan K. Pavlowitch (2008). Hitler's new disorder: the Second World War in Yugoslavia. Columbia University Press. p. 34. ISBN 0231700504. http://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=tomislav+dulic+ndh&source=bl&ots=O1bws0hBZN&sig=Wm0_ewM1kWh7g8lgybfZJlDB4m4&hl=en&ei=qIIzS6HRL4uInQPF5p3PBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=tomislav%20dulic%20ndh&f=false.
[edit] External links
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