Hatzalah

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Hatzolah ambulance in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City

Hatzolah/Hatzalah ("rescue" or "relief" in Hebrew: הצלה‎) is a volunteer emergency medical service (EMS) organization serving mostly Jewish communities around the world. Most local branches operate independently of each other, but use the common name. The Hebrew spelling of the name is always the same, but there are many variations in transliteration, such as Hatzolah, Hatzoloh, Hatzalah, and Hatzola.[1] It is also often called Chevra Hatzolah, which loosely translates as "Company of Rescuers."

Contents

[edit] History

The original Hatzolah EMS was founded in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York, USA by Rabbi Hershel Weber in the late 1960s,[2] to improve rapid emergency medical response in the community, and to mitigate cultural concerns of a Yiddish-speaking, religious Hasidic community. The idea spread to other Orthodox Jewish neighborhoods in the New York City area, and eventually to other regions, countries, and continents. Hatzolah, as an organization, is the largest volunteer ambulance service in the world. Chevra Hatzalah in New York has more than a thousand volunteer EMTs and Paramedics who answer more than 250,000 calls each year with private vehicles and a fleet of more than 70 ambulances.

Hatzalah members were among the first responders to the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001.[3] Alongside other rescue workers, Hatzalah volunteers rescued, treated, and transported countless victims of the terrorist attack.[3] In the process they earned great respect from their peers in the emergency service community.[4]

Hatzolah organizations now function in Israel, Australia,[5] South Africa,[6] Mexico City, Belgium, Switzerland, several provinces of Canada, Russia[7] the United Kingdom,[8] and at least five states in the US.

In Israel, the largest Hatzalah organization is called Ichud Hatzalah (Hebrew: איחוד הצלה‎), Hebrew for, "United Hatzalah." Ichud was founded in the aftermath of Israel's Second Lebanon War in 2006 when its founders decided they would like to improve unified central rescue response. A prior organization, Hatzolah Israel, also exists, and is of comparable size.

[edit] Operations

Hatzolah uses a fly-car system, where members are assigned ad-hoc to respond to the emergency. The dispatcher requests any units for a particular emergency location. Members who think they will have best response times respond via handheld radios, and the dispatcher confirms the appropriate members. Two members will typically respond directly to the call in their private vehicles. A third member retrieves an ambulance from a base location.[9]

Each directly-dispatched Hatzolah volunteer has a full medical technician "jump kit," in their car, with oxygen, trauma, and appropriate pharmaceutical supplies. Paramedic (EMT-P) members carry more extensive equipment and supplies, including EKG, IV, injection, intubation, and more pharmaceuticals. Each volunteer is called a Unit (as in, a crew of one), and is assigned a unit number that starts with a neighborhood code, followed by a serial number for that neighborhood (e.g., "F-100" means "Flatbush unit number 100"[10]). Ambulances also have unit numbers in the same format, with the first few numbers for each neighborhood reserved for the ambulance numbers.[9] Some neighborhoods have begun to assign 3-digit unit numbers to their ambulances, using numbers out of the range assigned to human member units (e.g. 900-numbers).

In some areas there may be periods where coverage is not strong enough, for example on a summer weekend. When this happens, coordinators may assign an on-call rotation. The rotation may still respond from their houses, or they may stay at the garage through their shift. In such periods, Hatzoloh functions closer to a typical EMS crew setup, though the dispatchers may still seek non-on-call members to respond, and there will still often be a non-ambulance responder as first dispatched, even if that responder starts from the base.[10]

[edit] Response times

Hatzolah's model provides for speedy first responder response times. Each Hatzolah neighborhood's response time varies. For example, in Borough Park, Brooklyn[11] daytime response time averages under 2 minutes, and night-time averages are 7–8 minutes.[12] In the Beverly-La Brea neighborhood of Los Angeles response times average at sixty to ninety seconds.[13]

[edit] Organization

Hatzolah is not a single organization. Each chapter operates autonomously, or in some cases, with varying levels of affiliation with neighboring Hatzolah chapters.[1][14]

In New York City's Hatzolah, there is a very simple operational hierarchy. Usually, there are two or three members who are "coordinators,"[15] managing all operations aspects of the chapter.

As Orthodox Jews, many volunteers see each other daily during prayers, and especially on Shabbat. This allows them to remain organized despite the lack of an extensive formal hierarchy.

The coordinators are responsible for recruitment, interaction with municipal agency operations (police, fire, and EMS), first-line discipline, and day to day operations. The coordinators often are responsible, directly or via delegation, for arranging maintenance crews, who are often called service members or service units, and for purchasing supplies, ambulances, and other equipment. There is also an administrative function, often separate from the coordinator function. The chief administrator is often called a director or executive director, and this is sometimes a paid position. All other positions in Hatzoloh, including coordinators, are held by unpaid volunteers.

Most of the New York State branches have some centralized administration and dispatch functions, known as "Central Hatzalah," or simply, "Central." The neighborhood organizations under Central are nevertheless independent. Most Hatzolah organizations pattern themselves after the Williamsburg and Central models (see operational descriptions below).

Formally, the New York City-area "Central Hatzolah" is called Chevra Hatzalah of New York. It combines dispatch and some other functions for over a dozen neighborhood organizations, including[14] Williamsburg,[2] Flatbush, Boro Park, Canarsie, Lower East Side, Upper West Side, Midtown, Washington Heights, Queens, Rockaway/Lawrence, Seagate, Catskills, Staten Island, Riverdale, and others. As each of these areas is otherwise independent, each has its own fundraising, management, garages, ambulances, and assigned members. Rockland County, NY branches have a centralized dispatch system as well, but their central organization is separate from the other New York State centralized functions, and they have a looser relationship with their New York State brethren, though there is a great deal of cooperation among them. Together, the combined New York State branches have grown to become the largest all-volunteer ambulance system in the United States.[12] The volunteers are trained EMTs or paramedics.

Israel's Ichud/United Hatzolah's founder and director is Zeev Kashash, though the regional organization predate Ichud. Eli Beer, originally from the United States, is the volunteer Senior Coordinator for all of Ichud.

Outside of New York and Israel, there are many smaller Hatzolah organizations. Each of these operates as a self-contained unit, with no centralized organization or coordination. However, where there are other Hatzolahs nearby, there is often a great deal of cooperation.

[edit] Community involvement

Hatzolah organizations are often involved in other community activities, on top of their primary mission of emergency medical work. Many neighborhood chapters sponsor and participate in community events, both within the local Jewish community, and in the broader community.

Flatbush Hatzalah frequently plays softball against teams from local police precincts, firehouses, and hospitals.[16]

Hatzolah of Passaic/Clifton works with the local Bikur Cholim[17] to put on a yearly Health & Safety Fair at no charge to the community, with participation from both Jewish and non-Jewish presenters, said to get a turnout possibly exceeding 25% community.[18]

Many Hatzolahs worldwide[19][20][21] run safety campaigns related to drinking on Purim and fires on Chanukah and during Passover preparations.

[edit] Specialization of Hatzolah EMS

A number of items that are either unique to Hatzolah, or that are relatively unusual for an EMS include:

[edit] Direct response

Most EMS rely on crews with scheduled shifts operating from a known location. Due to it's members and the communities they service usually living in close proximity, Hatzolah relies little on scheduled crews and stations and rather has all service members on call 24x7 and members responding from wherever they are.

[edit] Cultural sensitivities

Language, religion, and culture barriers create unique challenges for an emergency medical service. Hatzalah is built to consider these challenges, especially with regard to halacha (Jewish law) and communities that only speak Yiddish or Hebrew.

A Jew reluctant to violate Sabbath rules when receiving medical attention may be more at ease and easily convinced of the medical urgency, when the EMT or paramedic is a fellow Orthodox Jew. A female worried about physical modesty and contact, is helped by knowing that a Jewish provider is aware of the details of her concerns, and will act to reduce the problem as much as possible.

[edit] Cost

In areas where the EMS charges a fee, lower income clientele lacking health insurance may have a reluctance to call for an ambulance unless the evidence of urgency is overwhelming. A volunteer service, with less overhead costs, tends to reduce that reluctance. Hatzolah will often handle "check-out" cases, without charge. In this way, the true emergencies among those check-outs may be recognized and treated quickly, where the caller might have otherwise not sought treatment.[22][23]

[edit] Interaction with other agencies

Catskills Hatzolah is known to have excellent relations with state and local police and EMS, handling the swelling summer crowd.

Israel's United Hatzalah has shared its expertise with a group of Arab volunteers from East Jerusalem to form an emergency first response unit called Nuran. The Chevra NYC Central affiliates boast an excellent relationship with New York City and New York State agencies.[9]

Their relationship with Magen David Adom, however, is strained, and MDA has banned its members and volunteers from also volunteering in other rescue organizations, including Hatzalah.[24]

[edit] Regions

Each neighborhood or city in Hatzalah operates independently.[1] There are some exceptions, where there is a tight affiliation with neighboring Hatzolahs, a loose affiliation of neighboring Hatzolahs, or some other basic level of cooperation.

[edit] United States

[edit] New York State

New York State chapters include:

New York City

A Lower East Side Hatzalah ambulance, New York.

By far the largest Hatzolah group is in New York City.[25] The sixteen local divisions share rabbinic counsel,[10] radio frequencies, central dispatch and lobbying, but have separate fundraising and management. Catskills, the Five Towns, and Yonkers are the only areas outside of New York City covered by NYC chapters.

The New York City Hatzolah is served by a central dispatching network designed to deal with the very large volume of calls received each day. Dispatchers are highly trained teams consisting of 2 volunteers working in tandem who: answer the phones; provide immediate first aid advice where necessary; and dispatch by radio the appropriate number and level of first responders, medics and ambulances using a state-of-the-art computerized system for tracking cases and assignments. Each dispatch team works several hours on a shift, and must be capable of making quick decisions calmly under pressure, while communicating clearly with the volunteers in the field. Hatzolah of New York also uses a mobile command center for dealing with larger events.

New York City chapters include Boro Park,[11] Canarsie/Mill Basin, Crown Heights, Flatbush, Lower East Side, Midtown, [Queens], Richmond, Riverdale, Rockaways/Lawrence, Seagate, Staten Island, Upper East Side, Upper West Side, Washington Heights, and Williamsburg.

Catskill Mountains
The Catskills chapter is part of Central Hatzalah of New York City. While the Catskills have a year-round operation, the vast majority of their activity is in July and August, when summer residents arrive. A plurality (possibly majority) of these residents live in areas covered by NYC Hatzalah ten months of the year. A similar proportion of the Hatzalah EMTs are New York City members, carrying New York City radios, so it is logical for dispatch to use this frequency. However, there are dedicated Catskills dispatchers, who are familiar with the camp, bungalow colony, and hotel locations in the Catskills.

Flatbush
The Flatbush chapter corresponds roughly to "Jewish Flatbush," which is not the same as the Flatbush, Brooklyn neighborhood that runs along Flatbush Avenue. As Orthodox Jews began populating Midwood and nearby areas in the 1960s and 1970s, the name Flatbush came into common usage to describe the area, possibly in contrast to East Flatbush, a long-time large Orthodox neighborhood that was declining at the same time.

The Flatbush chapter's primary service area comprises the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Midwood, East Midwood, Madison, and Gravesend. The extended area includes Brighton Beach, Manhattan Beach, Ditmas Park, and Kensington, and occasionally Bensonhurst.

Boro Park
The Boro Park chapter's extended service area also includes Kensington and Bensonhurst, as well as Sunset Park. Boro Park also sometimes covers Ditmas Park.

Rockaway/ Lawrence
The Rockaway/ Lawrence chapter originally just covered the Rockaways and Lawrence. As the Orthodox neighborhood increased in numbers and area, the chapter started to cover numerous areas other than their initial community coverage. Currently, the chapter coverage has increased to include the following neighborhoods; Arverne, Atlantic Beach, Bayswater, Belle Harbor, Cedarhurst, East Rockaway, Far Rockaway, Hewlett, Inwood, Kennedy Airport, Lawrence, Long Beach, North Woodmere, Rosedale, and Woodmere.

Riverdale
The Riverdale chapter extends its coverage to parts of Yonkers, in Westchester County. The chapter is also responsible for covering calls in the extended regions of the Bronx as well. Riverdale and Washington Heights share an informal mutual aid agreement on occasions where one area is short-staffed.

Canarsie/Mill Basin
The Canarsie/Mill Basin chapter was originally just the Canarsie division. As the Canarsie Orthodox neighborhood declined, and the Mill Basin one grew, Canarsie started taking more calls and members from nearby Mill Basin, and is now primarily a Mill Basin operation. Canarsie/Mill Basin also covers nearby Georgetown. There are parts of the Brooklyn neighborhood of Mill Basin that border Madison/Midwood/East Midwood, so there is some overlap in coverage with Flatbush.

Rockland County
The Rockland Hatzolah is the only other affiliate umbrella in the New York State outside of NYC Central. A distinct feature of this chapter is its' common fundraising, but several distinct sets of rabbinical oversight. The stratification of rabbinic oversight is primarily due to several large Hasidic communities affiliated with Rockland Hatzolah. Generally, Hasidim always follow the rulings of their sect, with authority vested in the Rebbe (Grand Rabbi of the sect) and Beis Din (Rabbinical Court of the sect).

New Square
Recently, the Village of New Square, which was previously under the auspices of the Rockland Hatzoloh administration opted to part ways and create their own organization. New Square has also, in an unprecedented move, created a policy in which a group of female CFR's (Certified First Responders) responds to calls which involve OB related emergencies.

Monroe, NY
The Chasidic community in Kiryas Joel (Monroe), NY has a chapter. Uniquely, it operates separately from all other New York State Hatzolah organizations, not affiliating with Central or Rockland.

[edit] New Jersey

New Jersey has many Hatzolah organizations throughout the State. Each NJ affiliate maintains its own emergency phone number, dispatchers, and radio frequencies. While they are not officially connected, as with NYC Hatzolah, many of them are nevertheless loosely affiliated, sharing classes or working at each others' events. On occasion, all five divisions have worked together to provide joint event coverage or to share training classes.

Per New Jersey law, volunteers with proper permits may equip their cars with blue flashing lights and electronic airhorns, but not red flashing lights, nor sirens. Coordinators' ("officers'") personal vehicles, and any vehicle owned by a squad with a 'No Fee' license plate, are permitted the use of red flashing lights and sirens; not all branches make use of these allowances. Paramedic (ALS) units in New Jersey are only run by hospitals, per state law. The limitation to BLS is not just for Hatzolah and other volunteer agencies: all New Jersey "911" municipal-run EMS services are also limited to BLS. However, see Lakewood below for a special exception.

State of New Jersey chapters include:

Jersey Shore
Chevra Hatzalah Jersey Shore, primarily serving the Deal area (Deal, West Deal, Long Branch, Eatontown, Alenhurst, Ocean Township), and expanding to cover additional Jersey Shore communities in warmer months. There are a total of seven municipalities covered by Chevra Hatzolah Jersey Shore.[26] This is the only Sephardic-run Hatzalah in the United States. (Mexico City, Mexico also has a Sephardic Hatzalah.)

Elizabeth/Hillside
Hatzalah of Union County, with "U-prefix" unit numbers. Union County is geographically and organizationally separate from Union City. With two active ambulances and one spare, "the U" also responds to nearby towns including Linden, Union Township, Roselle and Roselle Park, and even to businesses in Newark where slow EMS response may allow the Hatzalah ambulance to complete the 12-14 minute trip from Elizabeth or Hillside before a Newark city crew arrives. Hatzalah of Union County also covers the Jersey Gardens Mall, Newark Liberty Airport, and nearby stretches of the New Jersey Turnpike and Garden State Parkway.

Lakewood
The largest branch in New Jersey, with "L-prefix" unit numbers. Unique to New Jersey, Lakewood has a Paramedic (ALS) unit. The ALS unit is owned and run by MONOC, but the Paramedics are also Lakewood Hatzolah members, and the ambulance was donated by Hatzolah Lakewood to MONOC. This unusual arrangement meets New Jersey's strict hospital-based ALS rules, while giving Hatzolah its own ALS coverage. Also unique, Lakewood has its own Rescue (extrication) unit.

Passaic/Clifton
Hatzolah of Passaic/Clifton EMS. The neighboring cities have a contiguous Orthodox Jewish community, with most of the community and its institutions on the Passaic side. Likewise, Hatzolah of Passaic/Clifton, with "P-prefix" unit numbers, covers both parts of the community, but is primarily based in Passaic, with some members and management in Clifton. This Hatzolah is geographically near Union City, and can provide extra coverage for them. Hatzolah of Passaic/Clifton has 30 active members, 20 dispatchers, two active ambulances and a third on standby, for a community of about 2,000 households.

Union City
Hatzolah of Union City, is run out of Yeshivas Sanz-Klausenberg, which is the center of the Chasidic community in Union City. It is the only Chasidic Hatzolah in New Jersey. Union City is located in Hudson County, and is not related to Union County. Union City uses VHF radios, while all other New Jersey chapters use UHF radios.

[edit] Connecticut

Waterbury, CT The Orthodox community in Waterbury, CT, centered around the yeshiva there, has its own Hatzolah.

[edit] California

Los Angeles has a Hatzolah chapter which provides BLS level care. On August 31, 2009 they began direct transport of patients to area hospitals on board their own ambulance [1]. Los Angeles Hatzolah relies on the Los Angeles Fire Department for ALS paramedic care and transport. They cover Hancock Park/ Fairfax, Pico-Robertson/Beverlywood/Beverly Hills, and Valley Village/ North Hollywood.

[edit] Maryland

Baltimore started a Hatzolah in 2007 as a first-responder-only service with transport to be done by Baltimore City ambulance units. They are planning to add transport services with the blessing of the Baltimore City Fire Department, but a start date has not been publicly announced.

[edit] Florida

Hatzalah of Miami-Dade began operation in January 2010. It provide direct BLS response, but no transport; Hatzalah relies on Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department for ALS paramedic care and transport. The only Hatzalah service in Florida, it cover areas of unincorporated North East Miami-Dade County, as well as select portions of the city of North Miami Beach and the city of Aventura. Hatzalah of Miami-Dade operates under the auspices of the South Florida Orthodox Rabbinical Council. During its two-year development, it received organizing assistance from members of many other U.S. Hatzolah branches. 9-1-2010: Hatzalah of Miami-Dade is currently recruiting members living in the areas of Miami Beach, Surfside and Bal Harbour for its next training class.

[edit] Illinois

Hatzalah Chicago is in formation stage, training its first team of emergency medical technicians. Planned coverage area includes Lincolnwood, Peterson Park, Skokie, and West Rogers Park.[22]

[edit] Pennsylvania

Philadelphia's Hatzolah has limited service, providing first responder aid only in the Northeast area. Hatzolah of Philadelphia transports are provided by calling in either Patriot Ambulance, or, when the situation warrants, 9-1-1. Patriot Ambulance is a local paid ambulance service owned by a community member. Its owner has also provided Philadelphia Hatzolah with financial assistance, training, and medical guidance to ensure excellence and continuity in patient care. Philadelphia has nine responders, all state certified. Some members are full-time professional EMTs or Paramedics.[27] [28]

[edit] Mexico

Mexico City Hatzalah was founded in 1997 by Rabbi Chaim Silver. The branch is run by the Syrian-Sephardic community. It has 70 full time volunteers, seven ambulances and six locations (five bases and a headquarters). It also has access to a helicopter and air transport. All dispatchers are certified Medics for immediate intervention and instructions. The branch covers the Jewish areas of Tecamachalco, Bosques, Polanco, Interlomas, and the weekend resort city Cuernavaca.

[edit] Canada

In Canada, there are Hatzolah chapters in Toronto Ontario, Montreal, and the Hasidic community of Kiryas Tosh.

[edit] Europe

Hatzolah chapters are located in England (London, Manchester and Gateshead); Antwerp, BE; and in Zurich.

[edit] Russia

Moscow has recently formed Hatzolah.[7]

[edit] Australia

There is Hatzolah in Melbourne[29] and Sydney.[5][30]

[edit] South Africa

Johannesburg, SA has Hatzolah.[6]

[edit] Israel

An Ichud Hatzalah rapid response scooter parked in Geula, Jerusalem.

Hatzolah Israel[31][32] is the original Hatzolah in Israel. Ichud Hatzolah is another umbrella organization, formed in 2006, mostly with chapters that had been part of Hatzolah Israel.[33] Other regions still recognize the older organization,[34] and a court injunction has barred United Hatzalah from certain activities.

Each of the two Israeli central organizations has many local chapters, close to 1,000 volunteers apiece, and provides coordinated response for larger emergencies or extra coverage across multiple localities.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c "Affiliates". http://www.hatzalah.org/affiliates.php. 
  2. ^ a b "Williamsburg Services". http://www.hatzolahw.org/ourmission.html. 
  3. ^ a b A number of Hatzoloh volunteers wearing "Flatbush Hatzoloh Paramedics" uniforms are featured in the documentary film 102 Minutes That Changed America.
  4. ^ "ZoomInfo Cache for Jimmy Kelty". http://cache.zoominfo.com/CachedPage/?archive_id=0&page_id=-1764340982&page_url=%2f%2fwww.hatzalah.org%2fduringAttack.php&page_last_updated=6%2f25%2f2009+3%3a33%3a55+AM&firstName=Eugene&lastName=Kelty. 
  5. ^ a b "Jewish First-Aid Response Team Launches". http://www.ajn.com.au/news/news.asp?pgID=344. 
  6. ^ a b "Home page". Johannesburg: Hatzolah Medical Rescue - Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 2004. http://www.geocities.com/chevrahatzalah/johannesburg.html. Retrieved 2008-09-14. 
  7. ^ a b "Emergency Response Service for Jews in Russia's Capital". 2004. http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=235422. Retrieved 2006-12-26. 
  8. ^ "Jewish health service offers local care". BBC News. 2003-01-19. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2666123.stm. Retrieved 2010-01-05. 
  9. ^ a b c "Fastest Response Times in the World". http://www.hatzalah.org/twotiered.php. 
  10. ^ a b c Handler, Mechel; Rabbi Dovid Weinberger. Madrich L'Chevra Hatzalah. Feldheim. 
  11. ^ a b "Official Web Site". Hatzolah of Borough Park. http://www.bphatzolah.org/. 
  12. ^ a b Bloomberg, M. (2005). "Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg Announces Two Initiatives To Redevelop Underutilized Land In The Culver El Section Of Borough Park, Brooklyn". http://www.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2005a%2Fpr138-05.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1. 
  13. ^ "Jewish Journal". 2001. http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=7785. 
  14. ^ a b "Regional Branches". http://www.hatzalah.org/localBranches.php. 
  15. ^ "Regional Locations - Central Coordination". http://www.hatzalah.org/central.php. 
  16. ^ "Haztalah Softball". http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=21146. 
  17. ^ "Passaic/Clifton Health and Safety Fair". http://passaichealthandsafetyfair.com. 
  18. ^ "Health and Safety Fair Press Release". http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/General+News/35385/PHOTOS:+Passaic-Clifton+Health+and+Safety+Fair.html. 
  19. ^ "Hatzolah Australia Fire Saftey". http://www.hatzolah.org.au/include/chanukah.pdf. 
  20. ^ "Canadian Hatzoloh Chanukah Safety". http://www.hatzoloh.ca/Docs/Chanukah_Safety.pdf. 
  21. ^ "NYC Haztalah Purim Drinking Campaign". http://www.hakhel.info/archivesPublicService/HatzalahPurimSafety.pdf. 
  22. ^ a b "Hatzalah of Chicago". http://www.hatzalahchicago.org/faq.html. 
  23. ^ "Hatzolah LA When To Call Us". Hatzolah of Los Angeles. http://www.hatzolahofla.org/whentocall.html. 
  24. ^ Gilhar, Uri (March 13, 2009). "Haredi Rescue Organizations Collapsing". Ynetnews. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3685792,00.html. Retrieved 2009-03-13. 
  25. ^ "Official Web Site". Chevra Hatzalah of NYC - Central. http://www.hatzalah.org. 
  26. ^ "Jersey Shore Hatzalah". Long Branch, New Jersey: Chevra Hatzalah of The Jersey Shore. http://www.hatzalahems.com/. 
  27. ^ Schwartzman, Bryan (2010-09-16). "Emergency Responders Answer to Higher Calling". Jewish Exponent. Archived from the original on 2010-09-16. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishexponent.com%2Farticle%2F21907%2F&date=2010-09-16. Retrieved 2010-09-16. 
  28. ^ "Philadelphia Hatzolah Is Responding". http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/news/Headlines+&+Breaking+Stories/70636/Philadelphia+Hatzolah+Is+Responding.html.  After the press release in the Yeshiva World News, several comments were posted that required a detailed explanation of the Mission of Philadelphia branch. One of the main questions was the relationship between Hatzolah of Philadelphia and Local EMS Agencies. Picture
  29. ^ www.hatzolah.org.au
  30. ^ www.hatzolah.com.au
  31. ^ "Home page". http://www.hatzolah.org.il/. 
  32. ^ "Home page". http://www.hatzolahisraelusa.org/. 
  33. ^ "Haredi Rescue groups' Bitter Battle". http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3407387,00.html. 
  34. ^ "Links". http://www.hatzalah.org/alinks.php. 

[edit] External links

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