The Chicago Manual of Style

"TCMOS" redirects here. See also CMOS (disambiguation).

1st Edition of the Chicago Manual of Style (1906)

Style Guides

ACS Style Guide AMA Manual of Style The Associated Press Stylebook The Chicago Manual of Style Turabian The Elements of Style The Elements of Typographic Style ISO 690 MHRA Style Guide MLA Handbook MLA Style Manual The New York Times Manual The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules The Publication Manual of the APA The ASA Style Guide

The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed.

The Chicago Manual of Style (abbreviated in writing as CMS or CMOS, or verbally as Chicago) is a style guide for American English published since 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. Its 16 editions have prescribed writing and citation styles widely used in publishing. It is "one of the most widely used and respected style guides in the United States," and is considered the de facto guide for American English style, grammar, and punctuation. The CMS deals with aspects of editorial practice, from American English grammar and usage to document preparation.

History

What is now known as The Chicago Manual of Style was first published in 1906 under the title Manual of Style: Being a compilation of the typographical rules in force at the University of Chicago Press, to which are appended specimens of type in use (image right). From its first 203-page edition, the CMS evolved into a comprehensive reference style guide of 1,026 pages in its 16th edition. It was one of the first editorial style guides published in the United States, and is largely responsible for research methodology standardization, most specifically about citation style.

The most significant revision to the manual was made for the 12th edition, published in 1969. Its run of 150,000 copies sold out before it was printed. In 1982, with the publication of the 13th edition, it was officially retitled The Chicago Manual of Style, adopting the informal name already in widespread use.

More recently the publishers have released a new edition every decade or so. The 15th edition was revised to reflect the emergence of computer technology and the Internet in publishing, offering guidance for citing electronic works. Other changes included a chapter by Bryan A. Garner on American English grammar and usage, and a revised treatment of mathematical copy.

In August 2010, the sixteenth edition was published simultaneously in the hardcover and online editions for the first time in the Manual's history. In a departure from the trademark red-orange cover, the 16th edition featured a robin's-egg blue dust jacket (image lower right). The latest edition features "Music, foreign languages, and computer topics (such as Unicode characters and URLs)". It also offers expanded recommendations for producing electronic publications, including web-based content and e-books. An updated appendix on production and digital technology demystifies the process of electronic workflow and offers a primer on the use of XML markup, and a revised glossary includes a host of terms associated with electronic as well as print publishing. The Chicago system of documentation is streamlined to achieve greater consistency between the author-date and notes-bibliography systems of citation, making both systems easier to use. In addition, updated and expanded examples address the many questions that arise when documenting online and digital sources, from the use of DOIs to citing social networking sites. Figures and tables are updated throughout the book—including a return to the Manual’s popular hyphenation table and new, selective listings of Unicode numbers for special characters.

History of Editions

• 1st ed., 1906
• 2nd ed., 1910
• 3rd ed., 1911
• 4th ed., 1914
• 5th ed., 1917
• 6th ed., 1919
• 7th ed., 1920
• 8th ed., 1925
• 9th ed., 1927
• 10th ed., 1937
• 11th ed., 1949
• 12th ed., 1969
• 13th ed., 1982
• 14th ed., 1993
• 15th ed., 2003
• 16th ed., 2010

Overview

The CMS is published in hardcover and online. The online edition includes the searchable text of the new 16th and 15th editions with features such as tools for editors, a citation guide summary, and searchable access to Q&A, where University of Chicago Press editors answer readers' style questions. An annual subscription is required for access to the content of the Manual.

The Chicago Manual of Style is used in some social science publications and most historical journals. It remains the basis for the Style Guide of the American Anthropological Association and the Style Sheet for the Organization of American Historians.

The Chicago Manual of Style includes chapters relevant to publishers of books and journals. It is used widely by academic and some trade publishers, and editors and authors who are required by those publishers to follow it.

Chicago style offers writers a choice of several different formats. It invites the mixing of formats, provided that the result is clear and consistent. For instance, the fifteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style permits the use of both in-text citation systems and/or footnotes or endnotes, including use of "content notes"; it gives information about in-text citation by page number (like MLA style) or by year of publication (like APA style); it even provides for variations in styles of footnotes and endnotes, depending on whether or not the paper includes a full bibliography at the end.

The Chicago Manual of Style also discusses the parts of a book and the editing process.

See also

• Citation
• Linguistic prescription
• Turabian
• Oxford Standard for Citation Of Legal Authorities or "OSCOLA"

References

• David Spencer (15 February 2011). "Chicago Manual of Style, 16th Edition". Type Desk. Matador. http://typedesk.com/2011/02/15/chicago-manual-of-style-16th-edition-2. Retrieved 16 March 2011. 
• University of Chicago (2010). The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.). Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226104201. 
• University of Chicago (2003). The Chicago Manual of Style (15th ed.). Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226104036. 
• University of Chicago (2007). "The Chicago Manual of Style Online". History of the Manual, and What’s New. The University of Chicago. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html. Retrieved 2008-02-16. 
• University of Chicago Press (2010). "The History of the Chicago Manual of Style". University of Chicago Press. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/about16_history.html. Retrieved 17 March 2011. 
• Yale University (2008). "Why Are There Different Citation Styles?". Writing at Yale / Using Sources. Yale University. http://writing.yalecollege.yale.edu/why-are-there-different-citation-styles. Retrieved 2011-02-10. 

External links

• AAA Style Guide of the American Anthropological Association—Uses The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed.
• Chicago Manual of Style Bibliography Samples—Provided by Williams College
• Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide—Provided by Simon Fraser University
• Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide—Provided by The Ohio State University
• Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide—compiled by the editors of The Chicago Manual of Style
• Chicago Manual of Style web site
• History of the Chicago Manual of Style
• The OAH Magazine of History Style Sheet of the Organization of American Historians—Uses The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed.