User:Ret.Prof

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Graduation hat.svg This user has an academic degree in History - BA .
Graduation hat.svg This user has an academic degree in Biblical Scholarship - M.Div.
Graduation hat.svg This user has an academic degree in Law - LL.B .

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Welcome to the UserPage of Retired Professor

(Note: Please do not edit this page.)

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My main area of expertise is Biblical Scholarship


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Ret.Prof
Ret.Prof
Personal Life
Birthdate: Autumn a long time ago
Nationality: World citizen: Have resided in the USA, Canada, India, South Africa and Europe
Profession: Priest, Pastor & University Professor
Religion: Christian
Marital status: Married to a great woman
Languages: English - plus a little Xhosa, Hindi & Urdu
Wikipedia Career
Username: User:Ret.Prof
Registered on: 04 June 2008
First Live edit: 04 June 2008
Present Status: Most long-suffering of mortals (See talk page)


1RR This user prefers discussing changes on the talkpage rather than engaging in an edit war.

Contents

[edit] About me

Several months ago while working though the sources re the Historical Jesus I stepped into a problem area. Since 2004, the Hebrew Gospel Tradition has been an area of serious conflict. (See History of the Hebrew Gospel) When things got "heated" I decided to handle the situation as follows:

  1. Step back - I stepped back from editing to let things cool down.
  2. Research Topic I have done further research and revised my position.
  3. Resume editing - I have resumed editing. WP:BRD I hope to find common ground and clearly define our areas of disagreement.
  4. Mediation - In about a few months I will request mediation in working through conflict areas.
  5. Arbitration - Finally, if any areas of conflict remain, I will suggest Arbitration.

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[edit] My revised understanding of the Hebrew Gospel Conflict

Papias, who was a Bishop in the Early Church stated that Matthew collected the Oral Tradition of Jesus and reduced it to writing. ( See Bart D. Ehrman, Did Jesus Exist? pp 98-101 & Maurice Casey, Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life p 86 )

Papias, who was born in 63 A.D. stated that Matthew collected the Oral Tradition of Jesus (logia or discourses) in Hebrew script and everyone interpreted them to the best of his ability.

  1. R.J. Deferrari, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. 100 vols. Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol. 1, p 379
  2. James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 264 & 273
  3. Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13


This has been an area of heated scholarly debate. About one third of the reliable sources agree with Papias . . . one third disagree . . . and one third accept/reject Papias in varying degrees (See subpage User:Ret.Prof/ History of the Hebrew Gospel). It is truly a difficult topic. However, it is both interesting and important. I suggest that we work though this topic in a good natured and scholarly fashion. We must remember that our job is not to settle this long standing dispute but rather to write a clear article from a NPOV with no original research.

Those who support Papias argue:

  • In the time of the Early Church, there was a Hebrew Gospel composed by Matthew in wide circulation.

vs those who oppose

  • No such gospel ever existed. And if it did, it was composed in Greek by somebody other than Matthew. Both groups now agree that the Gospel of Matthew found in the Bible is not a translation of the "Hebrew Gospel".

[edit] Summary of the scholarship

Simply put the position of Papias is, "Jesus was a Jewish Rabbi and one of his followers, Matthew wrote an account about him in the local dialect." (See Occam's razor) Papias is supported by 75 ancient witnesses who testified to the fact that there was a Hebrew Gospel in circulation. Google Link Twelve of the Church Fathers testified that it was written by the Apostle Matthew. Google Link No ancient writer, either Christian or Non Christian, challenged these two facts. Google Link


[edit] The Syncretistic Gospel of the Hebrews

It is generally agreed that Matthew's Hebrew Gospel (which was sometimes referred to as the Gospel of the Hebrews) is not the same as the Syncretistic Gospel of the Hebrews. First the syncretistic gospel was composed in Greek. Futhermore it presents traditions of Jesus' preexistence, his coming into the world, a mighty Power in Heaven named Michael and the Power which came into the world called Mary (which had Christ in it's womb for only seven months). These accounts of Jesus' preexistence etc. are abbreviated mythological narratives. They presuppose a myth of the descent of divine Wisdom, embodying herself definitively in a representative of the human race for the revelation and redemption of humankind. Such a myth was widespread in the Greco-Roman world and and underlies many of the earliest christological formulations of believers in Jesus.

The title seems to indicate it was the gospel of predominately Greek-speaking Jewish Christians as opposed to Hebrew Christians. The Syncretistic Gospel of the Hebrews has no connection with other Jewish-Christian gospels and displays no kinship with Matthew. It is instructive to note that most of the extant fragments come from quotations in the writings of persons who lived in Alexandria, Egypt as opposed to Jerusalem. Finally it was composed long after the time of Matthew. (See the Syncretistic Gospel of the Hebrews)

[edit] References

  1. ^ Talmud Sabb.116-b
  2. ^ Burton L. Visotzky, Fathers of the World, Mohr Siebeck, 1995. p 81
  3. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 263
  4. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 146
  5. ^ Ignatius' Epistle to the Smyrn. 3.1-2, and Jerome, who quotes it from the Hebrew Gospel in De viris illustribus 16, cf. Luke 24:39)
  6. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol 1, p 119
  7. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 265
  8. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
  9. ^ Ignatius, who cites these words, does not say whence he drew them; but Jerome informs us that they were taken from the Gospel of the Hebrews (Pick, 13).
  10. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 3.39.16 - 17
  11. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol. 1, p 379
  12. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 264 & 273
  13. ^ See also Didymus the Blind Comm. Eccl. 4.223.6-13 where he quotes from the Hebrew Gospel.
  14. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
  15. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 5.10.3
  16. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1981. Vol 19, p 303
  17. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 266
  18. ^ Richard Cassels, Supernatural Religion: An Inquiry Into the Reality of Divine Revelation, Longmans, 1879. Vol 1 p 472
  19. ^ Justin, Dialogue, 88, 103
  20. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6 pp 289-290 & 310
  21. ^ Arthur Lillie, The Gospel According to the Hebrews, Kessinger Publishing 2005. p 124
  22. ^ Also because the Epistle to the Hebrews quotes from the Hebrew Gospel "You are my son, today I have begotten you" some scholars believe Paul had a copy of the Hebrew Gospel composed by Matthew. See Hebrews 1:5
  23. ^ ‘Today I have begotten You.' from the "Memoirs of the Apostles," is the the same as the above quotes from the Hebrew Gospel (see above - Epiphanius, Panarion 30.13)
  24. ^ Justin, Dialogue with Trypho, 47
  25. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6, p 219
  26. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 93
  27. ^ Justin Martyr, First Apology 15
  28. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6, p 48
  29. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 92
  30. ^ Justin, Dialogue with Trypho, 12
  31. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6, p 166
  32. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 92
  33. ^ Justin, Dialogue with Trypho, 93
  34. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6, p 296
  35. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 79
  36. ^ Justin, Dialogue with Trypho, 35
  37. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6, p 200
  38. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 80
  39. ^ Justin, Dialogue with Trypho, 38
  40. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 1977. Vol 6, p 205
  41. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 93
  42. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 4.22.7
  43. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1981. Vol 19, p 255
  44. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 267
  45. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 2
  46. ^ Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.1.1
  47. ^ A.Roberts, "Ante-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 1, p 414
  48. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 265
  49. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. pp 2 - 3
  50. ^ Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.26.2
  51. ^ A.Roberts, "Ante-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 1 p 352
  52. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 265
  53. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 1
  54. ^ Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.11.7
  55. ^ A.Roberts, "Ante-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 1 p 428
  56. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 10
  57. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. pp 2 - 3
  58. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 6.17.1
  59. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol 29, p 31
  60. ^ On Symmachus, who is also known as translator: Jerome respected Symmachus' brilliance in his linguistic skills in Greek and Hebrew and used Symmachus' translations to help write his Latin Vulgate Bible
  61. ^ Paul L. Maier, Eusebius--the church history", Kregel Academic, 1999. p220
  62. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 1
  63. ^ See also Robert W Fuller, Demythologizing Jesus of Nazareth, Xulon Press, 2012. p 564 (Not a used as a reference - self published)
  64. ^ Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis [Miscellanies 2.9.45]
  65. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 85, p 189
  66. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 266
  67. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 14
  68. ^ Clement of Alexandria, Stromateis [Miscellanies] 7.13.1
  69. ^ A. Roberts, The Ante-nicene Fathers, Cosimo, Inc., 2007. Vol 2, p 547
  70. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 267
  71. ^ Michael Ferrebee Sadler, The Gospel according to Saint Matthew Bell & Sons Pub, 1890. p xiv
  72. ^ Hippolytus, On the Twelve Apostles 1.7
  73. ^ A.Roberts, "Ante-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 5, p 255
  74. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 12
  75. ^ William Wilson Hunter, The Indian Empire, Asian Educational Services, 1886. p 235
  76. ^ Hippolytus, On the Twelve Apostles 1.6
  77. ^ A.Roberts, "Ante-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 5 p 255
  78. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 267
  79. ^ Hippolytus, The Extant Works And Fragments Of Hippolytus, Kessinger Publishing, 1886. >> REPRINT >> BiblioBazaar, 2004. p 166
  80. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 6.25.4
  81. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol 29, p 48
  82. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 268
  83. ^ Sabine Baring-Gould, The lost and hostile gospels, Publisher Williams and Norgate, 1874. p 120
  84. ^ Origen, Commentary on John 2.12 See also Origen’s Homily on Jeremiah 15.4, which says, “If anyone can accept the word – ‘Even so did my mother the Holy Spirit take me up to the great mountain, Tabor’ – one can see she is his mother.”
  85. ^ A. Menzies, "Ante-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 9, p 329
  86. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 268
  87. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 4
  88. ^ Origen, Commentary on Matthew 15.14
  89. ^ Baring-Gould (p. 141) makes the following remark: " The comparison of these two accounts (viz.: that of the Gospel of the Hebrews and of St. Matthew XIX, 16-24) is not favorable to that in the Canonical Gospel. It is difficult to understand how a Jew could have asked, as did the rich young man, what commandments he ought to keep in order that he might enter into life. The Decalogue was known by heart by every Jew."
  90. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 269
  91. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 7
  92. ^ Ephem the Syrian, Comm. on Tatian's Diatessaron
  93. ^ Carmel McCarthy, Saint Ephrem's Commentary on Tatian's Diatessaron, Oxford University Press 1993. Vol 2, p 344
  94. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 272
  95. ^ Józef Kudasiewicz, The Synoptic Gospels Today, Alba House, 1996. p 142
  96. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History 3.24.6
  97. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1981. Vol 19, p 174-175
  98. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 270
  99. ^ Edward Bosworth, Studies in the life of Jesus Christ, YMCA Press, 1909. p 95
  100. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 3.25.5 ** See also Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, who also produced a catalog of New Testament books, followed by that of the antilegomena (which contains the Revelation of John) and that of the apocrypha. Next to each book is the count of its stichoi (lines). The following is an excerpt: New Testament (writings) the following are gainsaid:
    1. . The Revelation of John 1400 lines
    2. . The Revelation of Peter 300 lines
    3. . The Epistle of Barnabas 1360 lines
    4. . The Gospel of the Hebrews 2200 lines
    Apocrypha of the New Testament:
    1. . The Circuit of Paul 3600 lines
    2. . The Circuit of Peter 2750 lines
    3. . The Circuit of John 2500 lines
    4. . The Circuit of Thomas 1600 lines
    5. . The Gospel of Thomas 1300 lines
    6. . The Didache 200 lines
    7. . The 32 (books) of Clement 2600 lines
    It is important to note that the Hebrew Gospel is 2200 lines, 300 fewer than Greek Matthew. (Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, in his Stichometry)
  101. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1981. Vol 19, p 179
  102. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. pp 270 & 290
  103. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 1-2
  104. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 3.27.4.
  105. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1981. Vol 19, p 184
  106. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 271
  107. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 1
  108. ^ Eusebius, Theophania 4.12
  109. ^ Samuel Lee, "Eusebius on the Theophania,", Oxford University Press. 1843. p 234
  110. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 271
  111. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 14
  112. ^ Eusebius, Theophany 4.22
  113. ^ Burton Hamilton Throckmorton, Gospel parallels: a synopsis of the first three Gospels with alternative readings from the manuscripts and noncanonical parallels, Publisher T. Nelson Inc., 1979 p 161
  114. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 272
  115. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 10
  116. ^ Didymus, Commentary on Psalms 34.1
  117. ^ Ray Pritz, Nazarene Jewish Christianity: From the End of the New Testament Period Until Its Disappearance in the Fourth Century, Brill Archive, 1988. Vol 37, p 76
  118. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 272
  119. ^ Bart D. Ehrman & Zlatko Pleše, The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations, Oxford University Press, 2011. p 219
  120. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 29.9.4
  121. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, p 130
  122. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 274
  123. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 9
  124. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 30.3.7
  125. ^ Frank Williams,The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, p 133
  126. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 274
  127. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 15
  128. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 30.6.9
  129. ^ Frank Williams, The panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, p 136
  130. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 274
  131. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 10
  132. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 30.13.
  133. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, pp 141 - 142
  134. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. pp 275 - 276
  135. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 16
  136. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 30.13
  137. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, pp 141 - 142
  138. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. pp 274 - 275
  139. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 17
  140. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 30.13
  141. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, pp 141 - 142
  142. ^ Also because the Epistle to the Hebrews quotes from the Hebrew Gospel "You are my son, today I have begotten you" some scholars believe Paul had a copy of the Hebrew Gospel composed by Matthew. See Hebrews 1:5
  143. ^ See Below > Justin, Dialogue, 88, 103
  144. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 276
  145. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. pp 16-17
  146. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 30.14.5
  147. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, p 143
  148. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 277
  149. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 18
  150. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 30.16.5
  151. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 2009. Book I, p 144
  152. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 277
  153. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 18
  154. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 51.4.12
  155. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 1994. Book II, pp 28 - 29
  156. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 28 & 278
  157. ^ Charles Christian Hennell, An inquiry concerning the origin of Christianity, Smallfield, 1838. p 73
  158. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 51.5.1
  159. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 1994. Book II, pp 28 - 29
  160. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 26 & 278
  161. ^ Philip R. Amidon, The Panarion of St. Epiphanius, Oxford University Press, 1990. p 178
  162. ^ Epiphanius, Panarion 51.5.3
  163. ^ Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Brill, 1994. Book II, p 29
  164. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 278
  165. ^ Charles Christian Hennell, An inquiry concerning the origin of Christianity, Smallfield, 1838. p 73
  166. ^ Chrysostom, Homilies on Matthew 1.7
  167. ^ Philip Schaff, "Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers", Hendrickson, 1995. vol 10 p 3
  168. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 278
  169. ^ George Prevost, The homilies of S. John Chrysostom, J.H. Parker, 1843. Vol 11, Part 1 p 6
  170. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Matthew Preface
  171. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 100, p 59
  172. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 282
  173. ^ Archibald Alexander, The canon of the Old and New Testaments, Princeton Press, 1826. p 178
  174. ^ Jerome, Against Pelagius 3.2
  175. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation,Catholic University Press, 1965. Vol 53, p 349
  176. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. pp 287 - 288
  177. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 3
  178. ^ See also margin of codex 1424 – This was to fulfill what the Lord had spoken by the prophets, “Out of Egypt have I called my Son.”
  179. ^ Jerome, On Illustrious Men 3
  180. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 100, p 10
  181. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 281
  182. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 2
  183. ^ Jerome, On Illustrious Men, 2
  184. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 100, p 8
  185. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 280
  186. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 11
  187. ^ Baring-Gould (l. c., p. 149), states that this touching incident is quite in keeping with what we know about St. James, the Lord's brother. James the Just, according to Hegesippus (Eusebius, I list. Eccles. II, 23) did not drink wine and abstained from meat. There is no doubt that James belonged to the ascetic school among the Jews and an oath to abstain from food until a certain event was accomplished was not unusual (Acts XXIII, 14). The story of this appearance found its way into the writings of St. Gregory of Tours (Hist. Eccl. Francorum I, 21) and thence it passed into the ' Legenda Aurea ' of Jacques de Voragine.
  188. ^ Jerome, On Illustrious Men 16
  189. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 100, p 33
  190. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 281
  191. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
  192. ^ Jerome, On Illustrious Men 36.2
  193. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 100, p 59
  194. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 282
  195. ^ William Wilson Hunter, The Indian Empire, Pub Smith, Elder, 1989. p 285
  196. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Matthew 2.5
  197. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 64
  198. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 282
  199. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 2
  200. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Matthew 6.11
  201. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 140
  202. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 283
  203. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 5
  204. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Matthew 12.13
  205. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 140
  206. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 283
  207. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 5
  208. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Matthew 23.35
  209. ^ If you read he Hebrew Gospel that the Nazarenes use in context, Jerome implies that that it has the authority of Scripture. Read vs.23.35-36 also: And Zechariah the son of Johoiada said, “For he was of two names.” (Peter of Laodicea, Commentary on Matthew, ed. Heinrici, 5. 267
  210. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 267
  211. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 283
  212. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 9
  213. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Matthew 27.16
  214. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 142
  215. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 284
  216. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 10
  217. ^ Jerome, On Matthew 27.51
  218. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. 122 vols. Catholic University Press, 2008. Vol 117, p 320
  219. ^ Josephus, too, reports that the angelic powers, the former guardians of the Temple, equally cried out at that time: “Let us pass from this dwelling place
  220. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 284
  221. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 11
  222. ^ Jerome, On Psalm 135
  223. ^ Pheme Perkins, Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels, Eerdmans Publishing, 2007 p 199
  224. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 284
  225. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 5
  226. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah, Preface to Book 18
  227. ^ Montague Rhodes James, The apocryphal New Testament, The Clarendon press, 1969. p 5
  228. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 284
  229. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
  230. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah 11.1-3
  231. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 285
  232. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. pp 20-21
  233. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. pp 3-4
  234. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah 40.9
  235. ^ Ray Pritz, Nazarene Jewish Christianity: From the End of the New Testament Period Until Its Disappearance in the Fourth Century, Brill Archive, 1988. Vol 37, p 90
  236. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 285
  237. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 4
  238. ^ See also Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel 16.13
  239. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel 18.7
  240. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 286
  241. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 21
  242. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
  243. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Ephesians 5.3-4
  244. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 279
  245. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 17
  246. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 14
  247. ^ Jerome, Commentary on Micah 7.6
  248. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 286
  249. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 17
  250. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 4
  251. ^ Jerome, Letter 120.8.2 to Hedibia
  252. ^ New Advent Letter 120.8.2
  253. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 287
  254. ^ Edward Williams Byron Nicholson,The Gospel according to the Hebrews, C.K. Paul & co., 1879. p 20
  255. ^ LETTER 19 A letter of Pope Damasus to Jerome on Matthew 21.9
  256. ^ Philip Schaff, Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Eerdmans, 1989. p 22
  257. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 279
  258. ^ Henry Wace & Philip Schaff, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: St. Jerome: Letters and select works, Christian literature Company, 1893. Vol 6, p 22
  259. ^ LETTER 20: A letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus on Matthew 21.9
  260. ^ Philip Schaff, Nicene and post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Eerdmans, 1989. p 22
  261. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 279
  262. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 8
  263. ^ Jerome, Preface to the Four Gospels, Addressed to Pope Damasus in 383
  264. ^ Roland H. Worth, Bible translations: a history through source documents, McFarland & Co., 1992. p 28
  265. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 286
  266. ^ Up to this time most people believed the Gospel of Matthew to be a Greek translation of Matthew's Hebrew gospel. When Jerome pointed out that this was unlikly due to the discrepancies, all copies of the Hebrew Gospel disappeared and Jerome fell into disfavor, having to leave Rome in 384 A.D. Modern scholars have since vindicated Jerome and it is generally accepted that the Gospel of Matthew found in the Bible could not have been tranlated from the Hebrew Gospel.
  267. ^ Henry Wace & Philip Schaff, A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: St. Jerome: Letters and select works, Christian literature Company, 1893. Vol 6, p 488
  268. ^ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, 3.39.16 - 17
  269. ^ Editorial board, The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation. 100 vols. Catholic University Press, 1969. Vol. 1, pp 6 -10
  270. ^ Arthur Lillie, The Gospel According to the Hebrews, Kessinger Publishing 2005. p 123
  271. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
  272. ^ Didymus the Blind, Commentary on Ecclesiastes , 4.223.6–13
  273. ^ Michael William Holmes, The Apostolic Fathers, Baker Academic Pub, 2006. p 304
  274. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. pp 6 - 10
  275. ^ Bernhard Pick, Paralipomena: remains of gospels and sayings of Christ, Open court publishing company, 1908. p 13
  276. ^ William Lane Craig, & J. P. Moreland, The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology, John Wiley & Sons, 2009. p 602
  277. ^ John Wesley Etheridge, Horæ Aramaicæ, Simpkin, Marshall Pub, 1843. p 96
  278. ^ Islamic Hadith, Sahih al Bukhari 1.3
  279. ^ James R. Edwards, The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the Synoptic Tradition, Eerdmans Publishing, 2009. p 42
  280. ^ Hadith of Bukhari, Forgotten Books Pub, 1944. Vol 1, p 2
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