French Sudan (French: Soudan) was a colony in French West Africa that had two separate periods of existence, first from 1890 to 1899, then from 1920 to 1960, when the territory became the independent nation of Mali.
[edit] Colonial establishment
French Sudan was created as a French territory on 9 September 1880, as "Upper Senegal", and was renamed the "French Sudan Territory" on 18 August 1890, with its capital at Kayes. On 10 October 1899, French Sudan was broken up; 11 southern provinces went to French Guinea, the Côte d'Ivoire and Dahomey, although two were returned in the following year.
In 1902 the parts of the colony not organized into military districts became Senegambia and Niger, then Upper Senegal and Niger in 1904, then the old name came back in a reorganization of 1920.
When the French Upper Volta was first abolished in 1933 (it was reestablished in 1947), French Sudan gained some of its provinces.
[edit] Independence
After the French constitutional referendum of 4 October 1958, the "République Soudanaise" became a member of the French Community, once again with the name French Sudan, and gained complete internal autonomy 25 November 1958.
On 4 April 1959, French Sudan was joined with Senegal to form the Mali Federation, which became fully independent within the French Community on 20 June 1960. The federation collapsed on 20 August 1960, when Senegal seceded. On 22 September, French Sudan proclaimed itself the Republic of Mali and withdrew from the French Community.
[edit] See also
[edit] Further reading
- Joseph Roger de Benoist, Église et pouvoir colonial au Soudan français: les relations entre les administrateurs et les missionnaires catholiques dans la Boucle du Niger, de 1885 à 1945. 539 p. Karthala, 1987 ISBN 978-2-86537-169-3
- Georges Spitz, Le Soudan français, Éditions maritimes et coloniales, 1955, 111 p.
