Template:Citation needed
Template documentation | This template is used on approximately 519,000 pages, or roughly 1% of all pages. To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
 | An introductory version of this documentation is provided at Wikipedia:Citation needed. |
{{Citation needed}} is a template used to identify claims in articles, particularly if questionable, that need a citation to a reliable source. This template produces the superscripted message [citation needed] and is installed with no spaces directly after punctuation.
Use
{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}{{Citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=Your explanation here}}
Notes:
- The
|date=parameter consists of the full English name of the current month (with initial capital and rest lowercase), a space, and the year. For example, "January 2013" but not "jan13" or "January 23, 2013". Deviation from this rule will place the article in Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template.
- To automatically add the current date, you can use substitution like this:
{{subst:Citation needed}}. - If the
|date=parameter is not given, a bot will soon add it (AnomieBOT's TagDater task) but it's better if you add it yourself to avoid an extra edit to the article's history.
- To automatically add the current date, you can use substitution like this:
- The
|reason=parameter is for an explanation why you think the material needs a source. It is optional but very helpful. It is displayed as a tooltip in some browsers (hover the mouse here[citation needed] to check behaviour of your browser). For example, the following usage might be appropriate to the claim that "Humphrey Bogart was an avid snooker player":
{{Citation needed|reason=This claim needs a reliable source; Bogart was a famous actor but his major biographies don't mention snooker.|date=December 2022}}- Use only plain text for the
|reason=parameter. It does not support wiki markup like wikilinks, which can mess up the tooltip. - Double quotation marks used within the
|reason=parameter will likewise mess up the tooltip; use single quotes or the HTML code"instead. - If omitted, the tooltip "This claim needs references to reliable sources." is used by default.
- Use only plain text for the
- This template should usually be installed directly after punctuation, such as a full stop (period) or a comma.
- Use of this template places the article into Category:All articles with unsourced statements and Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022 (example; past months are listed in Category:Articles with unsourced statements).
- Remove the template when you add a citation for a statement.
Examples
Example 1
This sentence shows the template used at the end.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=December 2022}}
This wikitext will be rendered as follows:
- This sentence shows the template used at the end.[citation needed]
Example 2
[[Humphrey Bogart]] was an avid snooker player.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}}
The template indicates that it may be that Humphrey Bogart played snooker at some point and it may be that he was enthusiastic about the game but no reliable, published sources were given to verify it and the information is not considered common knowledge.
- Humphrey Bogart was an avid snooker player.[citation needed]
Example 3
If it is considered that he might have played snooker but was not an avid player, a reason for the need of a citation may be given, displayed as a tooltip when the mouse hovers on "citation needed":
[[Humphrey Bogart]] was an avid snooker player.{{Citation needed|date=December 2022|reason=Only aware he was photographed playing once. Not aware of any source that claims he played a lot.}}
- Humphrey Bogart was an avid snooker player.[citation needed]
In this example, it may be better to use the {{Citation needed span}}, which has slightly different syntax, template to highlight the word "avid".
When not to use this template
Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced should be removed immediately. Do not tag it; immediately remove it. This includes material that is disparaging, misrepresentative, insulting, harmful, or possibly libelous. For some policy about this, see the sections "Remove contentious material that is unsourced or poorly sourced" at Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons and "Burden of evidence" at Wikipedia:Verifiability.
The {{Citation needed}} template is intended for use when there is a general question of the verifiability of a statement, or when an editor believes that a reference verifying the statement should be provided. Other templates are available for other or more specific issues; see the list of inline templates. For example, claims that you think are incorrect should be tagged with {{Dubious}}, and those which represent a non-neutral view should be tagged with {{POV statement}}. Being specific about the nature of the problem will help other editors correct it.
Within a lead section that is clearly written as a summary of a substantially sourced article,
- statements that are supported with citations within the body of the article should not be tagged,
- statements that are not supported in the article body should be tagged with {{Not verified in body}}.
If you have the time and ability to find an authoritative reference, please do so. Then add the citation yourself, or correct the article text. After all, the ultimate goal is not to merely identify problems, but to fix them.
While an editor may add this template to any uncited passage for any reason, many editors object to what they perceive as overuse of this tag, particularly in what is known as "drive-by" tagging, which is applying the tag without attempting to address the issues at all. Consider whether adding this tag in an article is the best approach before using it, and use it judiciously. Wikipedia's verifiability policy does not require reliable sources for common well-known facts (e.g., "the Moon orbits the Earth"), neither that citations be repeated through every sentence in a paragraph. All direct quotations and facts whose accuracy might be challenged (e.g., statistics) require citations. See WP:MINREF for the list of material that is absolutely required to be followed by an inline citation, rather than a general reference or no citation at all. Also note that the burden of evidence lies with the editor who adds or restores material.
This template is intended for specific passages that need citation. For entire articles or sections that contain significant material lacking citations (rather than just specific short passages), there are other, more appropriate templates, such as {{Unreferenced}} and {{More citations needed}} (for whole articles) as well as {{Unreferenced section}} and {{More citations needed section}} (for sections of articles).
Do not use this template to tag policies or guidelines.
How to respond to this tag
The addition of this tag is a request for an inline citation to support the tagged statement. If you are able to provide a citation to support the claim, then please do so.
Except for contentious claims about living people, which should be immediately removed if not cited, there is no specific deadline for providing citations. Please do not delete information that you believe is correct solely because no one has provided a citation within an arbitrary time limit. If there is some uncertainty about its accuracy, most editors are willing to wait at least a month to see whether a citation can be provided.
Template data
TemplateData for Citation needed
The template is used to identify claims in articles, particularly if questionable, that lack a citation to a reliable source.
| Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month and year | date | Provides the month and year of the citation request; e.g., 'January 2013', but not 'jan13'
| String | suggested |
| Reason for citation | reason | A reason as to why, or for what content, the citation is needed; use single quotes, if any | String | optional |
Tracking categories
- Category:Pages containing citation needed template with unsupported parameters (1) – a hidden maintenance/tracking category which is added to pages using this template with unsupported parameters
- Category:All articles with unsourced statements (475,925)
Redirects
- Template:Facts (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citeneeded (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citationneeded (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cite needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cite-needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citation required (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Uncited (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cn (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needs citation (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Reference needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citation-needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Me-fact (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:CB (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Sourceme (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cb (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Refneeded (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Source needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citation missing (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:FACT (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cite missing (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citation Needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Proveit (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:CN (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Source? (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Fact (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Refplease (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needcite (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needsref (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Ref? (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citationeeded (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Are you sure? (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citesource (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cite source (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Ref needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citation requested (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needs citations (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Fcitation needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Need sources (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Request citation (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citation Requested (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Request Citation (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Prove it (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Ctn (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citation need (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:PROV-statement (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Ciation needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cit (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Unsourced-inline (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Ref-needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Fact? (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Need Citation (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:CitationNeeded (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:No source given (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Need-ref (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citaiton needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needcitation (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citationrequired (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Unreferenced inline (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cita requerida (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needs reference (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Need citation (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citn (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Citazione necessaria (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Cn needed (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needs-cite (redirect page) (links | edit)
- Template:Needs source (redirect page) (links | edit)
See also
- Citation needed, Wikipedia's mainspace article about this template
- Template:Not verified in body, a similar template specifically for the lead of articles
- Template:Medical citation needed
- Template:More citations needed
- Wikipedia:Citing sources, especially Unsourced material
- Wikipedia:Reliable sources
- Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Verifiability and sources
- Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles
- Wikipedia:Verifiability
Inline templates
- {{Additional citation needed}}[additional citation(s) needed]: request addition of more sources.
- {{Quote without source}}[This quote needs a citation]: request source for quotations.
- {{Clarify}}[clarification needed]: request clarification of wording or interpretation.
- {{Example needed}}[example needed]: request examples for clarification.
- {{Nonspecific}}[not specific enough to verify]: flag a general, yet factual statement as needing to be made more specific before it can be verified.
- {{Page needed}}[page needed]: request a page number for an existing citation.
Highlighting some text that needs a citation
- {{Citation needed span}}: similar, except that the text needing the citation is changed to a dark slate-gray color while being encapsulated in an off-white box with a pale pink outline. For example:
- Beetles constitute by far[citation needed] the largest order of insects, with 350,000–400,000 species in four suborders.[citation needed]
Incomplete citations
- {{Deep link needed}}[Link to precise page]: inline request for the exact web page. Use when a web site is referenced but the exact web page is not given.
- {{Full citation needed}}[full citation needed]: inline request for full citation, for example when only author, year are given.
- {{Incomplete short citation}}[incomplete short citation]: inline warning and request for enough information to allow the short citation to uniquely identify a long citation.
- {{Page needed}}[page needed]: inline request for the page number(s) in a work that support a citation.
- {{Time needed}}[time needed]: inline request for the specific time in a recording that supports the citation; see:
|minutes=or|time=in{{Cite AV media}}. - {{Season needed}}[season and episode needed], similar to {{page needed}}: for missing TV season and episode number.
- {{Volume needed}}[volume & issue needed], similar to {{page needed}}: for missing journal, newspaper, comic, volume and issue numbers, etc.
Verification
- {{Better source needed}}[better source needed]: flags a statement as requiring a better source.
- {{Dead link}}[dead link]: tag a ref or an external link as dead.
- {{Failed verification}}[failed verification]: source was checked, and did not contain the cited material.
- {{Request quotation}}[need quotation to verify]: request a direct quote from an inaccessible source, for verification purposes.
- {{Self-published inline}}[self-published source?] or {{Self-published source}} [self-published source]: flag a source that cites the author.
- {{Unreliable source?}}[unreliable source?]: flag a source as possibly being unreliable or unverifiable.
- {{Verify source}}[verification needed]: request that someone verify the cited source backs up the material in the passage.
Content
- {{According to whom}}[according to whom?]: flag a vague, unreferenced, third-party claim with no specific, identifiable individuals or groups named who could verify the claim.
- {{By whom}}[by whom?]: flag a statement that has a claim by a third party who is not well identified and/or well sourced.
- {{Chronology citation needed}}/[chronology citation needed]: request a source confirming or providing the chronology or timeline of a statement.
- {{Definition}}[when defined as?]: flag a definition as being ambiguous or confusing.
- {{Dubious}}[dubious ]: flag something as suspected of being incorrect; explain why on the talk page and briefly in the |reason= parameter.
- {{Original research inline}}[original research?]: flag a statement as possibly containing original research.
- {{Peacock inline}}[peacock prose]: flag a statement that contains peacock terms.
- {{POV statement}}[neutrality is disputed]: flag something as possibly not having a neutral point of view.
- {{Quantify}}[quantify]: flag a statement as being vague regarding the amount of something.
- {{Technical inline}}[jargon]: flag a word or phrase that is both technical and not understandable.
- {{Undue weight inline}}[undue weight? ]: flag a statement that does not ascribe appropriate weight to its sources, according to their levels of prominence.
- {{Vague}}[vague]: flag a statement that is too vague to be unambiguously verifiable.
- {{Weasel inline}}[weasel words]: flag a statement that contains weasel words.
- {{When}}[when?]: flag a statement that has a time period that's vague or ambiguous.
- {{Who}}[who?]: flag a statement that needs a description or identification of a person or group of persons.
Timeliness
- {{Update after}}[needs update]: a template that only shows itself after a specified time, indicating an exceptional statement that will date quickly.
Article message box templates
- {{Cite check}}: article or section may have inappropriate or misinterpreted citations.
- {{More citations needed}}: article or section has weak or incomplete sources, references, or citations.
- {{Unreferenced}} and {{Unreferenced section}}: article or section has no sources, references, or citations given at all.
- Citation method and style
- {{Citation style}}
- {{No footnotes}}
