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{{short description|Private college in New York City}}
{{short description|Private college in New York City}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Cooper University Hospital]], a teaching hospital in Camden, New Jersey}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Use American English|date=April 2024}}

{{Infobox university
{{Infobox university
| logo = Cooper Union.svg
| logo = Cooper Union.svg
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| image_upright = 1.15
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_alt = The Cooper Union's Foundation Building, at [[Cooper Square]] and [[Astor Place]] (2019)
| image_alt = The Cooper Union's Foundation Building, at [[Cooper Square]] and [[Astor Place]] (2019)
| caption = The Cooper Union's Foundation Building, at [[Cooper Square]] and [[Astor Place]] (2019)
| caption = The Cooper Union's Foundation Building at [[Cooper Square]] and [[Astor Place]] in 2019
| established = {{start date and age|1859}}
| established = {{start date and age|1859}}
| type = [[Private college]]
| type = [[Private college]]
| endowment = $920 million (2021)<ref> [https://cooper.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/assets/site/files/2021%20The%20Cooper%20Union%20for%20the%20Advancement%20of%20Science%20and%20Art%20CFS.pdf "Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent Financial Consultants, p. 28 (As of June 30, 2021)] Cooper Union website</ref>
| endowment = $920 million (2021)<ref>[https://cooper.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/assets/site/files/2021%20The%20Cooper%20Union%20for%20the%20Advancement%20of%20Science%20and%20Art%20CFS.pdf "Consolidated Financial Statements and Report of Independent Financial Consultants, p. 28 (As of June 30, 2021)] Cooper Union website</ref>
| faculty = 57 (full time) (2017/2018)<ref>[http://cooper.edu/art/people "School of Art People"] Cooper Union website</ref><ref>[http://cooper.edu/engineering/people "School of Engineering People"] Cooper Union website</ref><ref>[http://cooper.edu/architecture/people "School of Architecture People"] Cooper Union website</ref><ref>[http://cooper.edu/humanities/people "School of Humanities & Social Sciences People"] Cooper Union website</ref>
| faculty = 57 (full time) (2017/2018)<ref>[http://cooper.edu/art/people "School of Art People"] Cooper Union website</ref><ref>[http://cooper.edu/engineering/people "School of Engineering People"] Cooper Union website</ref><ref>[http://cooper.edu/architecture/people "School of Architecture People"] Cooper Union website</ref><ref>[http://cooper.edu/humanities/people "School of Humanities & Social Sciences People"] Cooper Union website</ref>
| president = Laura Sparks<ref>[https://cooper.edu/about/president "Office of the President"] Cooper Union website</ref>
| president = Laura Sparks<ref>[https://cooper.edu/about/president "Office of the President"] Cooper Union website</ref>
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| postgrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| doctoral =
| city = [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]]
| city = [[Manhattan]], New York City
| state = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| state = New York
| country = United States
| country = United States
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
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| embed = yes
| embed = yes
| nrhp_type = nhl
| nrhp_type = nhl
| location= Cooper Square<br />[[Manhattan, New York City]]
| location= [[Cooper Square]]<br />[[Manhattan]], New York City
| built =1858–59
| built =1858–59
| architect= F.A. Peterson
| architect= F.A. Peterson
| designated_nrhp_type=July 4, 1961<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=390&ResourceType=Building
| designated_nrhp_type=July 4, 1961<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=390&ResourceType=Building|title=Cooper Union|date=September 11, 2007|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 12, 2007|archive-date=March 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304045957/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=390&ResourceType=Building|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|title=Cooper Union|date=September 11, 2007|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>
| added = October 15, 1966<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| added = October 15, 1966<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
| refnum=66000540
| refnum=66000540
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| designated_other2_color = #ffe978
| designated_other2_color = #ffe978
}}
}}
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}}[[File:Wikipedia Audio - Cooper Union (Overview & History).wav|thumb|Spoken Article – Cooper Union (Overview & History)]]
}}
⚫
'''Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art''', commonly known as '''Cooper Union''', is a [[private college]] on [[Cooper Square]] in Lower Manhattan, New York City. [[Peter Cooper]] founded the institution in 1859 after learning about the government-supported {{Lang|fr|[[École Polytechnique]]|italic=no}} in France.<ref>{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Cooper Union}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_5655304_000/pages/ldpd_5655304_000_00000042.html |title=Peter Cooper |publisher=Columbia University Libraries |year=1891 |access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://engfac.cooper.edu/pages/topper/uploads/peter_cooper_lect_wbib&ed_Final.pdf |title=Henry Whitney Bellows Lecture |year=1999 |publisher=Robert Q. Topper |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> The school was built on a radical new model of American higher education based on Cooper's belief that an education "equal to the best technology schools established"<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ek0XAAAAYAAJ&q=%22equal+to+the+best%22&pg=PA21 |title=Original Cooper Union charter, trust deed, and by-laws |publisher=Cooper Union |year=1859 |access-date=February 3, 2012}}</ref> should be accessible to those who qualify, independent of their race, religion, sex, wealth or social status, and should be "open and free to all".<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Mead |editor-first1=Edwin Doak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tysPAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Old+South+Leaflets%22+%22open+and+free+to+all%22&pg=PA488 |title=The Old South Leaflets |location=Boston |publisher=Old South Meeting House |year=1903 |page=465}}</ref>
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[[File:Wikipedia Audio - Cooper Union (Overview & History).wav|thumb|Spoken Article – Cooper Union (Overview & History)]]

⚫
The '''Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art''' ('''Cooper Union'''<ref>{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Cooper Union}}</ref>) is a [[private college]] at [[Cooper Square]] in [[New York City]]. [[Peter Cooper]] founded the institution in 1859 after learning about the government-supported {{Lang|fr|[[École Polytechnique]]|italic=no}} in France.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_5655304_000/pages/ldpd_5655304_000_00000042.html |title=Peter Cooper |year=1891 |publisher=Columbia University Libraries |access-date=December 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://engfac.cooper.edu/pages/topper/uploads/peter_cooper_lect_wbib&ed_Final.pdf |title=Henry Whitney Bellows Lecture |year=1999 |publisher=Robert Q. Topper |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> The school was built on a radical new model of American higher education based on Cooper's belief that an education "equal to the best technology schools established"<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ek0XAAAAYAAJ&q=%22equal+to+the+best%22&pg=PA21 |title=Original Cooper Union charter, trust deed, and by-laws |publisher=Cooper Union |year=1859 |access-date=February 3, 2012}}</ref> should be accessible to those who qualify, independent of their race, religion, sex, wealth or social status, and should be "open and free to all".<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Mead |editor-first1=Edwin Doak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tysPAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Old+South+Leaflets%22+%22open+and+free+to+all%22&pg=PA488 |title=The Old South Leaflets |location=Boston |publisher=Old South Meeting House |year=1903 |page=465}}</ref>


The college is divided into three schools: the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, the School of Art, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. It offers [[undergraduate degree|undergraduate]] and [[master's degree]] programs exclusively in the fields of [[architecture]], [[fine arts]] (undergraduate only), and [[engineering]].
The college is divided into three schools: the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, the School of Art, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. It offers [[undergraduate degree|undergraduate]] and [[master's degree]] programs exclusively in the fields of [[architecture]], [[fine arts]] (undergraduate only), and [[engineering]].


Cooper Union was one of very few American institutions of higher learning to offer a full-tuition scholarship to every admitted student, a practice it discontinued in 2014, now offering a half-tuition scholarship to each admitted student.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Seltzer |first1=Rick |title= Free Again in Ten Years |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/03/16/cooper-union-plans-restore-free-undergraduate-tuition-decade |access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref> Admission to Cooper Union is highly competitive, with an overall acceptance rate of 14% across the three schools.<ref name="Fiske 2020">{{cite book| last1=Fiske|first1=Edward B.|title=Fiske Guide to Colleges 2020|date=15 June 2019| publisher=[[Sourcebooks]]| isbn= 978-1-4926-6494-9|edition= 36th| location=Naperville, Illinois| publication-date=June 15, 2019|pages=188–190}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts About Cooper Union |url=https://cooper.edu/admissions/facts |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=The Cooper Union |language=en}}</ref>
Cooper Union was one of very few American institutions of higher learning to offer a full-tuition scholarship to every admitted student, a practice it discontinued in 2014, now offering a half-tuition scholarship to each admitted student.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Seltzer |first1=Rick |title= Free Again in Ten Years |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/03/16/cooper-union-plans-restore-free-undergraduate-tuition-decade |access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref> Admission to Cooper Union is competitive, with an acceptance rate of 12% across the three schools.<ref name="Fiske 2020">{{cite book| last1=Fiske|first1=Edward B.|title=Fiske Guide to Colleges 2020|date=15 June 2019| publisher=[[Sourcebooks]]| isbn= 978-1-4926-6494-9|edition= 36th| location=Naperville, Illinois| publication-date=June 15, 2019|pages=188–190}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts About Cooper Union |url=https://cooper.edu/admissions/facts |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=The Cooper Union |language=en}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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[[File:ForArch-1.jpg|thumb|left|The interior of the Great Hall, {{circa}} 2005]]
[[File:ForArch-1.jpg|thumb|left|The interior of the Great Hall, {{circa}} 2005]]


Cooper's dream was to give talented young people the one privilege he lacked: a good education from an institution which was "open and free to all".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwQLAAAAIAAJ&q=1864+peter+cooper+graduating+class+speech+%22open+and+free+to+all%22&pg=PA488 |title=Speech to the First Graduating Class |year=1864}}</ref> To achieve these goals, Cooper designated the bulk of his wealth to The Cooper Union. According to ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1863, "It was rare that those of limited means, however eager they might be to acquire a knowledge of some of the higher branches of education, could obtain tuition in studies not named in the regular course taught in our public schools."<ref name="nyt-1863-01-23" /> Discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, or sex was expressly prohibited.<ref name="nyt-1863-01-23">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/23/news/local-intelligence-cooper-union-most-successful-year-since-its-inauguration-it.html |title=LOCAL INTELLIGENCE.; THE COOPER UNION. The Most Successful Year Since its Inauguration. It is now Self-Supporting What is Done in it. |date=1863-01-23 |page=2 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=2016-11-05}}</ref>
Cooper's dream was to give talented young people the one privilege he lacked: a good education from an institution which was "open and free to all".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwQLAAAAIAAJ&q=1864+peter+cooper+graduating+class+speech+%22open+and+free+to+all%22&pg=PA488 |title=Speech to the First Graduating Class |year=1864}}</ref> To achieve these goals, Cooper designated the bulk of his wealth to The Cooper Union. According to ''[[The New York Times]]'' in 1863, "It was rare that those of limited means, however eager they might be to acquire a knowledge of some of the higher branches of education, could obtain tuition in studies not named in the regular course taught in our public schools."<ref name="nyt-1863-01-23" /> Discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, or sex was expressly prohibited.<ref name="nyt-1863-01-23">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/23/news/local-intelligence-cooper-union-most-successful-year-since-its-inauguration-it.html |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923122213/http://www.nytimes.com/1863/01/23/archives/local-intelligence-the-cooper-union-the-most-successful-year-since.html |archive-date=2018-09-23 |title=The Cooper Union: The Most Successful Year Since its Inauguration. It is now Self-Supporting What is Done in it. The Bedford-street Church Scandal. Court of General Sessions. Before Judge McCunn. The Thumb-Warren Nuptials. Bishop Potter to Perform the Ceremony Great Anxiety on the Part of the Adult Population to See The Performance. A Calumny Silenced. Department of the East. International Postage The English Government Refuses to Reduce Postage. General City News. Brooklyn News. New-Jersey. |date=1863-01-23 |page=2 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=2016-11-05}}</ref>


===Development after founding===
===Development after founding===
Originally intended to be named simply "the Union", the Cooper Union began with [[adult education]] in night classes on the subjects of [[applied sciences]] and [[architectural drawing]], as well as day classes primarily intended for women on the subjects of photography, telegraphy, typewriting and [[shorthand]] in what was called the college's Female School of Design. The early institution also had a free reading room open day and night, the first in New York City<ref>{{cite web |title=Cooper Union |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cooper-Union |website=Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> (predating the [[New York Public Library]] system),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holleran |first1=Sam |title=Free as air and water |journal=Places Journal |date=May 2019 |issue=2019 |doi=10.22269/190507 |s2cid=189736575 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and a new four-year nighttime engineering college for men and a few women.<ref name=125anniv>{{cite book |url=http://www.notnicemusic.com/ACU84.pdf |title=At Cooper Union 125th Anniversary Special Issue |publisher=Cooper Union |year=1984 |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://sangamithra.wordpress.com/2012/04/07/on-amateurs-and-access/ |title=On Amateurs and Access |publisher=WordPress |year=2012 |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> In 1883, a five-year curriculum in [[chemistry]] was added as an alternative to the applied science (engineering) program.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Topper |first1=Robert |title=CU Chemistry and Chemical Engineering History |url=https://engfac.cooper.edu/topper/604 |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref> A daytime engineering college was added in 1902, thanks to funds contributed by [[Andrew Carnegie]].<ref name=125anniv /> Initial board members included [[Daniel F. Tiemann]],<ref name=part201>{{cite web |url=http://library.cooper.edu/archive/annual_reports/1859-1860%20Annual%20Report%20Part%201.pdf |title=Annual report |website=library.cooper.edu }}</ref> [[John E. Parsons]],<ref name=part201 /> [[Horace Greeley]] and [[William Cullen Bryant]], and those who availed themselves of the institute's courses in its early days included [[Augustus Saint-Gaudens]], [[Thomas Alva Edison]]<ref name=edison>Topper, Robert. [http://faculty.cooper.edu/topper/general/edison.html "Thomas Edison, Chemistry and Cooper Union"] on the Cooper Union website</ref> and [[William Francis Deegan]].
Originally intended to be named simply "the Union", the Cooper Union began with [[adult education]] in night classes on the subjects of [[applied sciences]] and [[architectural drawing]], as well as day classes primarily intended for women on the subjects of photography, telegraphy, typewriting and [[shorthand]] in what was called the college's Female School of Design. The early institution also had a free reading room open day and night, the first in New York City<ref>{{cite web |title=Cooper Union |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Cooper-Union |website=Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref> (predating the [[New York Public Library]] system),<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holleran |first1=Sam |title=Free as air and water |journal=Places Journal |date=May 2019 |issue=2019 |doi=10.22269/190507 |s2cid=189736575 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and a new four-year nighttime engineering college for men and a few women.<ref name=125anniv>{{cite book |url=http://www.notnicemusic.com/ACU84.pdf |title=At Cooper Union 125th Anniversary Special Issue |publisher=Cooper Union |year=1984 |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=http://sangamithra.wordpress.com/2012/04/07/on-amateurs-and-access/ |title=On Amateurs and Access |publisher=WordPress |year=2012 |access-date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> In 1883, a five-year curriculum in [[chemistry]] was added as an alternative to the applied science (engineering) program.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Topper |first1=Robert |title=CU Chemistry and Chemical Engineering History |url=https://engfac.cooper.edu/topper/604 |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref> A daytime engineering college was added in 1902, thanks to funds contributed by [[Andrew Carnegie]].<ref name=125anniv /> Initial board members included [[Daniel F. Tiemann]],<ref name=part201>{{cite web |url=http://library.cooper.edu/archive/annual_reports/1859-1860%20Annual%20Report%20Part%201.pdf |title=Annual report |website=library.cooper.edu |access-date=2011-10-27 |archive-date=2017-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502071016/http://library.cooper.edu/archive/annual_reports/1859-1860%20Annual%20Report%20Part%201.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[John E. Parsons]],<ref name=part201 /> [[Horace Greeley]] and [[William Cullen Bryant]], and those who availed themselves of the institute's courses in its early days included [[Augustus Saint-Gaudens]], [[Thomas Alva Edison]]<ref name=edison>Topper, Robert. [http://faculty.cooper.edu/topper/general/edison.html "Thomas Edison, Chemistry and Cooper Union"] on the Cooper Union website</ref> and [[William Francis Deegan]].


The Cooper Union's free classes have evolved into three schools: the School of Art, the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. Since 1859, the Cooper Union has educated thousands of artists, architects, and engineers, many of them leaders in their fields.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804024657/http://cooper.edu/about-us/history "The Cooper Union: History"] Cooper Union website. Archived on August 4, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2017</ref>
The Cooper Union's free classes have evolved into three schools: the School of Art, the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. Since 1859, the Cooper Union has educated thousands of artists, architects, and engineers, many of them leaders in their fields.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110804024657/http://cooper.edu/about-us/history "The Cooper Union: History"] Cooper Union website. Archived on August 4, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2017</ref>
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On February 27, 1860, the school's Great Hall, located in the basement level of the Foundation Building, became the site of a historic address by [[Abraham Lincoln]].<ref name="test">{{cite magazine |last=Holzer |first=Harold |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/speech-made-man |title=The Speech that Made the Man |magazine=American Heritage |date=Winter 2010 |volume=59 |issue=4}}</ref> "Lincoln made his address on a snowy night before about 1,500 persons."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/liho/planyourvisit/upload/Cooper%20Union%20Front%20and%20Back-2.pdf|title=The Cooper Union Address -The Making of a Candidate|website=National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior|publisher=Lincoln Home}}</ref>
On February 27, 1860, the school's Great Hall, located in the basement level of the Foundation Building, became the site of a historic address by [[Abraham Lincoln]].<ref name="test">{{cite magazine |last=Holzer |first=Harold |url=https://www.americanheritage.com/speech-made-man |title=The Speech that Made the Man |magazine=American Heritage |date=Winter 2010 |volume=59 |issue=4}}</ref> "Lincoln made his address on a snowy night before about 1,500 persons."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/liho/planyourvisit/upload/Cooper%20Union%20Front%20and%20Back-2.pdf|title=The Cooper Union Address -The Making of a Candidate|website=National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior|publisher=Lincoln Home}}</ref>


Widely reported in the press and reprinted throughout the North in pamphlet form, the speech galvanized support for Lincoln and contributed to his gaining the Party's nomination for the [[President of the United States|presidency]]. It is now referred to as the [[Cooper Union Address]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Holzer |first=Harold |url=http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2004/2/2004_2_19.shtml |title=Still a Great Hall After All |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201164937/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2004/2/2004_2_19.shtml |archive-date=December 1, 2008 |magazine=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |date=April-May 2004 |volume=55 |issue=2}}</ref>
Widely reported in the press and reprinted throughout the North in pamphlet form, the speech galvanized support for Lincoln and contributed to his gaining the Party's nomination for the [[President of the United States|presidency]]. It is now referred to as the [[Cooper Union Address]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Holzer |first=Harold |url=http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2004/2/2004_2_19.shtml |title=Still a Great Hall After All |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201164937/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2004/2/2004_2_19.shtml |archive-date=December 1, 2008 |magazine=[[American Heritage (magazine)|American Heritage]] |date=April–May 2004 |volume=55 |issue=2}}</ref>


Since then, the Great Hall has served as a platform for historic addresses by [[List of US Presidents|American Presidents]] [[Ulysses S. Grant|Grant]], [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]],<ref name="nytimes1892-10-28p1">
Since then, the Great Hall has served as a platform for historic addresses by [[List of US Presidents|American Presidents]] [[Ulysses S. Grant|Grant]], [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]],<ref name="nytimes1892-10-28p1">
{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/10/28/104151135.pdf|title=PRAISED BY THE GERMANS; MR. CLEVELAND GREETED WITH WILD APPLAUSE. HIS FRIENDS FROM "FATHERLAND" THRONG COOPER UNION. A GREAT OUTPOURING OF GERMAN-AMERICANS TO SEE AND HEAR THE DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE –- THE EX-PRESIDENT'S HAPPY SPEECH ADDS TO HIS POPULARITY – CARL SCHURZ POINTS OUT THE DANGERS WHICH WOULD FOLLOW REPUBLICAN SUCCESS – AN APPEAL TO WHICH ALL GERMAN CITIZENS WILL RESPOND – OVERFLOW MEETINGS FOR THOUSANDS WHO COULD NOT GET INTO THE HALL.|access-date=June 24, 2010|date=October 28, 1892|page=1|work=The New York Times|quote=It might be claiming too much to say that the Democratic Party as such gives a sufficient guarantee for the improvement of political methods or avoidance of these wrongdoings.}}</ref> [[William Howard Taft|Taft]],<ref name="nytimes1908-01-11p1">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/01/11/104714614.pdf|work=The New York Times|title=TAFT DEFENDS BOTH CAPITAL AND LABOR; Tells Cooper Union Audience He's for Union Shops and Mutual Conciliation. NOT HAILED AS PRESIDENT Cordial Greeting at First Grows Warmer After He Answers Volley of Questions.|date=January 11, 1908|page=1|access-date=June 24, 2010|quote=Give the Government the ownership of mines and railroads and like enterprises, and I tremble to think of the danger to the Republic.}}
{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/10/28/104151135.pdf|title=Praised By the Germans; Mr. Cleveland Greeted With Wild Applause. His Friends From "Fatherland" Throng Cooper Union. |access-date=June 24, 2010|date=October 28, 1892|page=1|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|quote=It might be claiming too much to say that the Democratic Party as such gives a sufficient guarantee for the improvement of political methods or avoidance of these wrongdoings.}}</ref> [[William Howard Taft|Taft]],<ref name="nytimes1908-01-11p1">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/01/11/104714614.pdf|work=The New York Times|title=Taft Defends Both Capital and Labor; Tells Cooper Union Audience He's for Union Shops and Mutual Conciliation. Not Hailed As President Cordial Greeting at First Grows Warmer After He Answers Volley of Questions. |date=January 11, 1908 |page=1 |access-date=June 24, 2010 |quote=Give the Government the ownership of mines and railroads and like enterprises, and I tremble to think of the danger to the Republic.}}
</ref> [[Theodore Roosevelt]],<ref name="nytimes1916-11-04p4">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/11/04/301924712.pdf|work=The New York Times|quote=I have not said one thing of him which I did not deem it necessary to say because of the vital interests of this Republic.|title=ROOSEVELT BITTERLY ATTACKS WILSON; Tells Cooper Union Audience the President Cares Nothing for the Nation's Soul.|page=4|date=November 4, 1916|access-date=June 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="roosevelt_americanism_and_preparedness">{{cite book|title=Americanism and preparedness: Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt, July to November, 1916|publisher=The Mail and express job print|location=New York|year=1917|quote=There can be no greater misfortune for a free nation than to find itself under incapable leadership when confronted by a great crisis.|url=https://archive.org/details/americanismprepa00roos|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanismprepa00roos/page/134 134]–145|access-date=June 21, 2010|last=Roosevelt|first=Theodore}}</ref> [[Woodrow Wilson]],<ref name="wilson_the_new_freedom">{{ cite book| title=The New Freedom: A call for the emancipation of the generous energies of a people|publisher=Doubleday, Page & Company|location=New York|year=1913|quote=One of the valuable lessons of my life was due to the fact that at a comparatively early age in my experience as a public speaker I had the privilege of speaking in Cooper Union in New York.|url=https://archive.org/details/newfreedomacall01halegoog|access-date=June 21, 2010|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newfreedomacall01halegoog/page/n112 98]–99|last=Wilson|first=Woodrow}}</ref><ref name="wilson_nytimes1904-11-20p5">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/11/20/120289920.pdf|title=WILSON SAYS ELASTICITY SAVES THE CONSTITUTION; Made to Help, Not to Hinder, Asserts Princeton's President.|quote=The Constitution was not made to fit us like a straitjacket.|work=The New York Times|page=5|date=November 20, 1904|access-date=June 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1916-11-03p1">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/11/03/100227256.pdf|work=The New York Times|title=THREE BIG MEETINGS HERE; President Says Some in Campaign Have Tried to Discredit Government. EFFORT TO DIVIDE CLASSES Tells 15,000 in Madison Square Garden the Country Stands at a Serious Turning Point. PREDICTS HIS RE-ELECTION. President and Mrs. Wilson Scale Fire Escape to Get Into Garden.|date=November 3, 1916|page=1|access-date=June 21, 2010|quote=COOPER UNION PACKED; Enthusiastic Throng Cheers the President for Five Minutes}}</ref> and [[Bill Clinton]]. Clinton spoke on May 12, 1993, about reducing the federal deficit and again on May 23, 2006, as the Keynote Speaker at The Cooper Union's 147th Commencement, along with [[Anna Deavere Smith]].<ref name="WCPD-1993-05-17">{{cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-1993-05-17/pdf/WCPD-1993-05-17-Pg835.pdf|title=Remarks at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City|work=Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Volume 29, Number 19|pages=835–841|date=May 17, 1993|publisher=GPO|access-date=June 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="2006commencement">{{cite web|url=http://www.cooper.edu/news/press_relarchive.html#commencement|publisher=Cooper Union|title=FORMER PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON TO DELIVER KEYNOTE ADDRESS AT THE 147th COMMENCEMENT OF THE COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART; ANNA DEAVERE SMITH IS COMMENCEMENT SPEAKER|access-date=June 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527192624/http://www.cooper.edu/news/press_relarchive.html#commencement|archive-date=May 27, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He appeared a third time on April 23, 2007, along with Senator [[Ted Kennedy|Edward Kennedy]], [[Henry Kissinger]], [[Norman Mailer]], and others, at the memorial service for historian [[Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.]] Most recently, [[Barack Obama]] delivered an economic policy speech at Cooper Union's Great Hall on April 22, 2010.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/business/economy/23obama.html?hp Obama to Wall St.: "Join Us, Instead of Fighting Us," ''The New York Times'', April 22, 2010]</ref><ref name="DCPD-201000290">{{cite web|url=http://www.gpoaccess.gov/presdocs/2010/DCPD-201000290.pdf|title=Remarks at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City|work=Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents;Administration of Barack H. Obama, 2010|pages=1–6|date=April 22, 2010|publisher=GPO|id=DCPD Number: DCPD201000290|access-date=June 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808081328/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/presdocs/2010/DCPD-201000290.pdf|archive-date=August 8, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> On September 22, 2014, President of the [[Palestinian National Authority]] [[Mahmoud Abbas]] delivered his first formal speech in English.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cooper.edu/about/news/webcast-mahmoud-abbas-great-hall |title=WEBCAST: MAHMOUD ABBAS IN THE GREAT HALL |publisher=Cooper.edu|date=2014-09-22|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>
</ref> [[Theodore Roosevelt]],<ref name="nytimes1916-11-04p4">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/11/04/301924712.pdf |work=The New York Times |quote=I have not said one thing of him which I did not deem it necessary to say because of the vital interests of this Republic. |title=Roosevelt Bitterly Attacks Wilson; Tells Cooper Union Audience the President Cares Nothing for the Nation's Soul. |page=4 |date=November 4, 1916 |access-date=June 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="roosevelt_americanism_and_preparedness">{{cite book|title=Americanism and preparedness: Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt, July to November, 1916|publisher=The Mail and express job print|location=New York|year=1917|quote=There can be no greater misfortune for a free nation than to find itself under incapable leadership when confronted by a great crisis.|url=https://archive.org/details/americanismprepa00roos|pages=[https://archive.org/details/americanismprepa00roos/page/134 134]–145|access-date=June 21, 2010|last=Roosevelt|first=Theodore}}</ref> [[Woodrow Wilson]],<ref name="wilson_the_new_freedom">{{ cite book| title=The New Freedom: A call for the emancipation of the generous energies of a people|publisher=Doubleday, Page & Company|location=New York|year=1913|quote=One of the valuable lessons of my life was due to the fact that at a comparatively early age in my experience as a public speaker I had the privilege of speaking in Cooper Union in New York.|url=https://archive.org/details/newfreedomacall01halegoog|access-date=June 21, 2010|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newfreedomacall01halegoog/page/n112 98]–99|last=Wilson|first=Woodrow}}</ref><ref name="wilson_nytimes1904-11-20p5">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/11/20/120289920.pdf|title=Wilson Says Elasticity Saves the Constitution; Made to Help, Not to Hinder, Asserts Princeton's President. |quote=The Constitution was not made to fit us like a straitjacket.| work=The New York Times|page=5|date=November 20, 1904|access-date=June 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="nytimes1916-11-03p1">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/11/03/100227256.pdf|work=The New York Times|title=Three Big Meetings Here; President Says Some in Campaign Have Tried to Discredit Government. Effort to Divide Classes Tells 15,000 in Madison Square Garden the Country Stands at a Serious Turning Point. Predicts His Re-election. President and Mrs. Wilson Scale Fire Escape to Get Into Garden.|date=November 3, 1916|page=1|access-date=June 21, 2010|quote=Cooper Union Packed; Enthusiastic Throng Cheers the President for Five Minutes}}</ref> and [[Bill Clinton]]. Clinton spoke on May 12, 1993, about reducing the federal deficit and again on May 23, 2006, as the Keynote Speaker at The Cooper Union's 147th Commencement, along with [[Anna Deavere Smith]].<ref name="WCPD-1993-05-17">{{cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-1993-05-17/pdf/WCPD-1993-05-17-Pg835.pdf|title=Remarks at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City|work=Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents Volume 29, Number 19|pages=835–841|date=May 17, 1993|publisher=GPO|access-date=June 21, 2010}}</ref><ref name="2006commencement">{{cite web|url=http://www.cooper.edu/news/press_relarchive.html#commencement|publisher=Cooper Union|title=FORMER PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON TO DELIVER KEYNOTE ADDRESS AT THE 147th COMMENCEMENT OF THE COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART; ANNA DEAVERE SMITH IS COMMENCEMENT SPEAKER|access-date=June 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527192624/http://www.cooper.edu/news/press_relarchive.html#commencement|archive-date=May 27, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> He appeared a third time on April 23, 2007, along with Senator [[Ted Kennedy|Edward Kennedy]], [[Henry Kissinger]], [[Norman Mailer]], and others, at the memorial service for historian [[Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.]] Most recently, [[Barack Obama]] delivered an economic policy speech at Cooper Union's Great Hall on April 22, 2010.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/business/economy/23obama.html?hp Obama to Wall St.: "Join Us, Instead of Fighting Us," ''The New York Times'', April 22, 2010]</ref><ref name="DCPD-201000290">{{cite web|url=http://www.gpoaccess.gov/presdocs/2010/DCPD-201000290.pdf|title=Remarks at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City|work=Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents;Administration of Barack H. Obama, 2010|pages=1–6|date=April 22, 2010|publisher=GPO|id=DCPD Number: DCPD201000290|access-date=June 21, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808081328/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/presdocs/2010/DCPD-201000290.pdf|archive-date=August 8, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> On September 22, 2014, President of the [[Palestinian National Authority]] [[Mahmoud Abbas]] delivered his first formal speech in English.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cooper.edu/about/news/webcast-mahmoud-abbas-great-hall |title=WEBCAST: MAHMOUD ABBAS IN THE GREAT HALL |publisher=Cooper.edu|date=2014-09-22|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>


Other speakers in the Great Hall have included [[Frederick Douglass]], [[Susan B. Anthony]], [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], and [[Mark Twain]].<ref>[http://cooper.edu/about/history "The Cooper Union: History"] Cooper Union website. Retrieved October 1, 2017</ref>
Other speakers in the Great Hall have included [[Frederick Douglass]], [[Susan B. Anthony]], [[Elizabeth Cady Stanton]], and [[Mark Twain]].<ref>[http://cooper.edu/about/history "The Cooper Union: History"] Cooper Union website. Retrieved October 1, 2017</ref>
The Great Hall continues to serve as an important metropolitan art space and has hosted lectures and performances by such key figures as [[Joseph Campbell]], [[Steve Reich]], [[Salman Rushdie]], [[Ralph Nader]], [[Hamza Yusuf]], [[Richard Stallman]], [[Rudolph Giuliani]], [[Pema Chodron]], [[Michael Bloomberg]], [[Evo Morales]], and Venezuelan president [[Hugo Chávez]]. When not occupied by external or hosted events, the Great Hall is made accessible to students and faculty for large lectures and recreational activities, including the school's annual Culture Show. In 1994, the Cooper Union Forum of Public Programs was honored with a [[Village Award]] from the [[Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Village Award Winners|url=http://www.gvshp.org/_gvshp/events/awards.htm|website=GVSHP.org|access-date=1 June 2015}}</ref> [[File:New Great Hall Entrance.jpg|thumb|right|Renovated Great Hall entrance, with main hall partially visible through open doors]]
The Great Hall continues to serve as an important metropolitan art space and has hosted lectures and performances by such key figures as [[Joseph Campbell]], [[Steve Reich]], [[Salman Rushdie]], [[Ralph Nader]], [[Hamza Yusuf]], [[Richard Stallman]], [[Rudolph Giuliani]], [[Pema Chodron]], [[Michael Bloomberg]], [[Evo Morales]], and Venezuelan president [[Hugo Chávez]]. When not occupied by external or hosted events, the Great Hall is made accessible to students and faculty for large lectures and recreational activities, including the school's annual Culture Show. In 1994, the Cooper Union Forum of Public Programs was honored with a [[Village Award]] from the [[Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Village Award Winners|url=http://www.gvshp.org/_gvshp/events/awards.htm|website=GVSHP.org|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-date=28 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528014847/http://www.gvshp.org/_gvshp/events/awards.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:New Great Hall Entrance.jpg|thumb|right|Renovated Great Hall entrance, with main hall partially visible through open doors]]


In late 2008, the Great Hall was closed to students and outside events for the first major renovation of the hall since 1978.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atcooper.cooper.edu/pdfs/ACUs09_briefs.pdf |title=Briefs |website=atcooper.cooper.edu |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175236/http://atcooper.cooper.edu/pdfs/ACUs09_briefs.pdf |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In late 2008, the Great Hall was closed to students and outside events for the first major renovation of the hall since 1978.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atcooper.cooper.edu/pdfs/ACUs09_briefs.pdf |title=Briefs |website=atcooper.cooper.edu |access-date=October 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175236/http://atcooper.cooper.edu/pdfs/ACUs09_briefs.pdf |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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[[File:Cooper Union - Cooper Union Academic Building (48072701728).jpg|thumb|left|Cooper Union's 41 Cooper Square, seen from Cooper Triangle Park]]
[[File:Cooper Union - Cooper Union Academic Building (48072701728).jpg|thumb|left|Cooper Union's 41 Cooper Square, seen from Cooper Triangle Park]]


A new classroom, laboratory, and studio facility designed by [[Thom Mayne]] replaced the aging Hewitt Academic Building at [[41 Cooper Square]]. In contrast to the Foundation Building, 41 Cooper Square is of modern, environmentally [[green building|"green" design]], housing nine above-ground floors and two basements. The structure features unconventional architectural features, including a full-height Grand Atrium, prevalent interior windows, a four-story linear central staircase, and upper-level [[skyway]]s, which reflect the design intention of inspiring, socially interactive space for students and faculty. In addition, the building's design allows for up to 75% [[natural lighting]], further reducing energy costs. In 2010, 41 Cooper Square became the first academic and laboratory structure in New York City to meet Platinum-level [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] standards for energy efficiency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/green.html|title=The Cooper Union Builds &#124; Naming Opportunities|publisher=Cooper.edu|access-date=March 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516224219/http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/green.html|archive-date=May 16, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The building was funded in part by alumni donations, materialized in nameplates and other textual recognition throughout the building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/donors.html |title=The Cooper Union Builds &#124; Donors |publisher=Cooper.edu |access-date=March 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106133651/http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/donors.html |archive-date=January 6, 2011 }}</ref>
A new classroom, laboratory, and studio facility designed by [[Thom Mayne]] replaced the aging Hewitt Academic Building at [[41 Cooper Square]]. In contrast to the Foundation Building, 41 Cooper Square is of modern, environmentally [[green building|"green" design]], housing nine above-ground floors and two basements. The structure features unconventional architectural features, including a full-height Grand Atrium, prevalent interior windows, a four-story linear central staircase, and upper-level [[skyway]]s, which reflect the design intention of inspiring, socially interactive space for students and faculty. In addition, the building's design allows for up to 75% [[Daylighting (architecture)|natural lighting]], further reducing energy costs. In 2010, 41 Cooper Square became the first academic and laboratory structure in New York City to meet Platinum-level [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] standards for energy efficiency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/green.html|title=The Cooper Union Builds &#124; Naming Opportunities|publisher=Cooper.edu|access-date=March 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516224219/http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/green.html|archive-date=May 16, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The building was funded in part by alumni donations, materialized in nameplates and other textual recognition throughout the building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/donors.html |title=The Cooper Union Builds &#124; Donors |publisher=Cooper.edu |access-date=March 16, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106133651/http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/donors.html |archive-date=January 6, 2011 }}</ref>


[[File:Atrium and Staircase Interior.jpg|thumb|right|Main Atrium and Grand Staircase of 41 Cooper Square]]
[[File:Atrium and Staircase Interior.jpg|thumb|right|Main Atrium and Grand Staircase of 41 Cooper Square]]
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{{see also|Cooper Union financial crisis and tuition protests}}
{{see also|Cooper Union financial crisis and tuition protests}}


Around October 29, 2011, rumors circulated the school was in serious financial trouble. On October 31, a series of open forums were held with students, faculty, and alumni to address the crisis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/nyregion/cooper-union-may-charge-tuition-to-undergraduates.html|work=The New York Times|title=Cooper Union, Long Free but in Financial Distress, Looks at Charging Tuition|first=Richard|last=Pérez-Peña|author-link=Richard Pérez-Peña|date=October 31, 2011|access-date=October 31, 2011}}</ref>
Around October 29, 2011, rumors circulated the school was in serious financial trouble. On October 31, a series of open forums were held with students, faculty, and alumni to address the crisis.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/nyregion/cooper-union-may-charge-tuition-to-undergraduates.html |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102103725/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/education/cooper-union-may-charge-tuition-to-undergraduates.html?hpw=&pagewanted=all |archive-date=November 2, 2011|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Cooper Union, Long Free but in Financial Distress, Looks at Charging Tuition (Cooper Union Looks at Charging Tuition) |first=Richard |last=Pérez-Peña |author-link=Richard Pérez-Peña |date=October 31, 2011 |access-date=October 31, 2011}}</ref>


Current and past students voiced opposition charging tuition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Free Cooper Union |url=https://cusos.org/ |publisher=Free Cooper Union |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=News Archive of the Cooper Pioneer |url=http://www.notnicemusic.com/Cassandra/cooper_news_archive.html |website=The Cooper Union Alumni Pioneer |publisher=Barry Drogin |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> The then-president of the school, [[Jamshed Bharucha]], indicated depletion of the school's endowment required additional sources of funding. In 2012, the college announced approval from its board of trustees to attempt to establish a new tuition-based cross-disciplinary graduate program, expand its fee-based continuing education programs, and impose tuition on some students in its existing graduate programs.<ref name="Graduate Students">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/25/nyregion/cooper-union-will-charge-tuition-for-graduate-students.html|work=The New York Times|title=Cooper Union Will Charge Tuition for Graduate Students|first=Richard|last=Pérez-Peña|author-link=Richard Pérez-Peña|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=June 15, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303592404577364434200598276|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=Cooper Union to Charge|first=Lisa|last=Fleisher|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=April 24, 2012}}</ref>
Current and past students voiced opposition to charging tuition.<ref>{{cite web |title=Free Cooper Union |url=https://cusos.org/ |publisher=Free Cooper Union |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=News Archive of the Cooper Pioneer |url=http://www.notnicemusic.com/Cassandra/cooper_news_archive.html |website=The Cooper Union Alumni Pioneer |publisher=Barry Drogin |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> The then-president of the school, [[Jamshed Bharucha]], indicated depletion of the school's endowment required additional sources of funding. In 2012, the college announced approval from its board of trustees to attempt to establish a new tuition-based cross-disciplinary graduate program, expand its fee-based continuing education programs, and impose tuition on some students in its existing graduate programs.<ref name="Graduate Students">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/25/nyregion/cooper-union-will-charge-tuition-for-graduate-students.html|work=The New York Times|title=Cooper Union Will Charge Tuition for Graduate Students|first=Richard|last=Pérez-Peña|author-link=Richard Pérez-Peña|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=June 15, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303592404577364434200598276|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=Cooper Union to Charge|first=Lisa|last=Fleisher|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=April 24, 2012}}</ref>


In December 2012, as a protest against the possibility of undergraduate tuition being charged, 11 students occupied a suite<ref>Kaminer, Ariel. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/25/nyregion/cooper-union-protesters-living-high-life-out-of-presidents-office.html "Tuition Protesters Still in Top Office at Cooper Union"] ''The New York Times'' (May 24, 2013)</ref> in the Foundation Building for a week.<ref>Moynihan, Colin. [http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/10/cooper-union-students-end-occupation-of-suite-after-a-week/ "Cooper Union Students End Occupation of Suite After a Week"] ''The New York Times'' (December 10, 2012)</ref> Charging high tuition was complicated by the school's lack of customary amenities offered by other high-tuition schools.<ref name=NYT021513>{{cite news|title=Cooper Union's Free Tuition Tradition May Be Near Its End|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/16/nyregion/cooper-unions-tradition-of-free-tuition-may-be-near-end.html|access-date=February 16, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 15, 2013|author=Ariel Kramer}}</ref>
In December 2012, as a protest against the possibility of undergraduate tuition being charged, 11 students occupied a suite<ref>Kaminer, Ariel. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/25/nyregion/cooper-union-protesters-living-high-life-out-of-presidents-office.html "Tuition Protesters Still in Top Office at Cooper Union"] ''The New York Times'' (May 24, 2013)</ref> in the Foundation Building for a week.<ref>Moynihan, Colin. [http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/12/10/cooper-union-students-end-occupation-of-suite-after-a-week/ "Cooper Union Students End Occupation of Suite After a Week"] ''The New York Times'' (December 10, 2012)</ref> Charging high tuition was complicated by the school's lack of customary amenities offered by other high-tuition schools.<ref name=NYT021513>{{cite news|title=Cooper Union's Free Tuition Tradition May Be Near Its End|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/16/nyregion/cooper-unions-tradition-of-free-tuition-may-be-near-end.html|access-date=February 16, 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 15, 2013|author=Ariel Kramer}}</ref>
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===The Albert Nerken School of Engineering===
===The Albert Nerken School of Engineering===
The Cooper Union's School of Engineering is named in honor of Albert Nerken, a chemical engineering alumnus of the school.<ref>{{cite news |title=Albert Nerken, 79, an Engineer, Industrialist and Philanthropist |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/30/nyregion/albert-nerken-79-an-engineer-industrialist-and-philanthropist.html |access-date=19 September 2021 |work=New York Times |last=Lambert |first=Bruce |date=July 30, 1992}}</ref> Its enrollment includes about 550 students, and is the largest of the three schools by a significant margin. The school offers [[ABET]]-accredited [[Bachelor of Engineering]] (BE) degree programs in core engineering fields and an interdisciplinary [[Bachelor of Science in Engineering]] (BSE) degree. Opportunities are also available for engineering students to pursue minors in bioengineering, chemistry, computer science, humanities and social sciences, and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Engineering Minors |url=https://cooper.edu/engineering/curriculum/minors |publisher=The Cooper Union |access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref>
The Cooper Union's School of Engineering is named in honor of Albert Nerken, a chemical engineering alumnus of the school.<ref>{{cite news |title=Albert Nerken, 79, an Engineer, Industrialist and Philanthropist |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/07/30/nyregion/albert-nerken-79-an-engineer-industrialist-and-philanthropist.html |access-date=19 September 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Lambert |first=Bruce |date=July 30, 1992}}</ref> Its enrollment includes about 550 students, and is the largest of the three schools by a significant margin. The school offers [[ABET]]-accredited [[Bachelor of Engineering]] (BE) degree programs in core engineering fields and an interdisciplinary [[Bachelor of Science in Engineering]] (BSE) degree. Opportunities are also available for engineering students to pursue minors in bioengineering, chemistry, computer science, humanities and social sciences, and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Engineering Minors |url=https://cooper.edu/engineering/curriculum/minors |publisher=The Cooper Union |access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref>


Specialized facilities for teaching and research include the [[Maurice Kanbar]] Center for Biomedical Engineering established in 2002<ref>{{cite web |title=MAURICE KANBAR CENTER FOR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING |url=https://cooper.edu/engineering/facilities/kanbar-center |publisher=The Cooper Union |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cooper Union Receives $10 Million from The Starr Foundation to create the C.V. Starr Research Foundation, and to create and endow professorship and scholarships |url=https://starrfoundation.org/cooper-union-receives-10-million-from-the-starr-foundation-to-create-the-c-v-starr-research-foundationand-to-create-and-endow-professorship-and-scholarships/ |publisher=The Starr Foundation |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> and the interdisciplinary Maker Space Lab, established in 2020 for the use of engineering, art, and architecture students.<ref>{{cite web |title=ONE LAB FOR ALL |url=https://cooper.edu/about/news/one-lab-all |publisher=The Cooper Union |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>
Specialized facilities for teaching and research include the [[Maurice Kanbar]] Center for Biomedical Engineering established in 2002<ref>{{cite web |title=Maurice Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering |url=https://cooper.edu/engineering/facilities/kanbar-center |publisher=The Cooper Union |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cooper Union Receives $10 Million from The Starr Foundation to create the C.V. Starr Research Foundation, and to create and endow professorship and scholarships |url=https://starrfoundation.org/cooper-union-receives-10-million-from-the-starr-foundation-to-create-the-c-v-starr-research-foundationand-to-create-and-endow-professorship-and-scholarships/ |publisher=The Starr Foundation |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref> and the interdisciplinary Maker Space Lab, established in 2020 for the use of engineering, art, and architecture students.<ref>{{cite web |title=ONE LAB FOR ALL |url=https://cooper.edu/about/news/one-lab-all |publisher=The Cooper Union |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>


====Master's in Engineering====
====Master's in Engineering====
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===Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture===
===Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture===
The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture at the Cooper Union offers a five-year NAAB accredited program established by [[John Hejduk]]. The philosophical foundation of the school was directly committed to the "Social Contract" and dedicated to education as "one of the last places that protects freedom, and teaching as a sociopolitical act, among other things."<ref>{{cite news |last=Muschamp |first=Herbert |date=July 6, 2000 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/06/arts/john-hejduk-an-architect-and-educator-dies-at-71.html |title=John Hejduk, an Architect And Educator, Dies at 71 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 15, 2023}}</ref> among those other things were principles of free debate and theoretical discourse which drew source from deep wellsprings of lost histories such as the [[Bauhaus]] school of Architecture founded by [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]].
The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture at the Cooper Union offers a five-year NAAB accredited program established by [[John Hejduk]]. The philosophical foundation of the school was directly committed to the "Social Contract" and dedicated to education as "one of the last places that protects freedom, and teaching as a sociopolitical act, among other things."<ref>{{cite news |last=Muschamp |first=Herbert |author-link=Herbert Muschamp |date=July 6, 2000 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/06/arts/john-hejduk-an-architect-and-educator-dies-at-71.html |title=John Hejduk, an Architect And Educator, Dies at 71 |work=The New York Times |access-date=March 15, 2023}}</ref> among those other things were principles of free debate and theoretical discourse which drew source from deep wellsprings of lost histories such as the [[Bauhaus]] school of Architecture founded by [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]].


The faculty includes architects, design and construction managers such as [[Peter Eisenman]], [[Samuel Anderson Architects|Samuel Anderson]], [[Nader Tehrani]], and [[Diana Agrest]]. Former faculty members include the architects [[Michael Webb (architect)|Michael Webb]], [[Peter Eisenman]], [[Raimund Abraham]], [[Lebbeus Woods]], [[Diane Lewis (architect)|Diane Lewis]] and [[John Hejduk]].
The faculty includes architects, design and construction managers such as [[Peter Eisenman]], [[Samuel Anderson Architects|Samuel Anderson]], [[Nader Tehrani]], and [[Diana Agrest]]. Former faculty members include the architects [[Michael Webb (architect)|Michael Webb]], [[Peter Eisenman]], [[Raimund Abraham]], [[Lebbeus Woods]], [[Diane Lewis (architect)|Diane Lewis]] and [[John Hejduk]].
Line 178: Line 175:


==Athletics==
==Athletics==
Cooper Union has developed an athletic program<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/16/nyregion/athletics-at-cooper-union-precisely.html|work=The New York Times|first=Nichole M.|last=Christian|title=Athletics at Cooper Union? Precisely|date=December 16, 2000}}</ref> which fields teams in basketball, volleyball, and soccer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cooper Union Athletics |url=https://cooper.edu/students/student-affairs/athletics |publisher=The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref>
Cooper Union has developed an athletic program<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/16/nyregion/athletics-at-cooper-union-precisely.html |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109192908/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/16/nyregion/athletics-at-cooper-union-precisely.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |archive-date=9 January 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Nichole M. |last=Christian |title=Athletics at Cooper Union? Precisely |date=December 16, 2000}}{{cbignore}}</ref> which fields teams in basketball, volleyball, and soccer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cooper Union Athletics |url=https://cooper.edu/students/student-affairs/athletics |publisher=The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art |access-date=8 April 2022}}</ref>


==Notable alumni==
==Notable alumni==
{{main|Notable alumni of Cooper Union}}
{{main|Notable alumni of Cooper Union}}
{{See|Category:Cooper Union alumni}}
{{Further|Category:Cooper Union alumni}}
Awards received by Cooper Union alumni include one [[Nobel Prize in Physics]], a [[Pritzker Prize]], fifteen [[Rome Prize]]s, 26 [[Guggenheim Fellowship]]s, three [[MacArthur Fellowship]]s, nine [[Chrysler Design Award]]s, three Emmy Awards, one Tony, one Grammy, one [[Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering]], and three [[American Institute of Architects Thomas Jefferson Award for Public Architecture|Thomas Jefferson Awards for Public Architecture]], which is sponsored by the [[American Institute of Architects]]. The school also boasts 39 [[Fulbright Scholar]]s since 2001, and thirteen [[NSF-GRF|National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship]]s since 2004.<ref name=facts />
Awards received by Cooper Union alumni include one [[Nobel Prize in Physics]], a [[Pritzker Prize]], fifteen [[Rome Prize]]s, 26 [[Guggenheim Fellowship]]s, three [[MacArthur Fellowship]]s, nine [[Chrysler Design Award]]s, three Emmy Awards, one Tony, one Grammy, one [[Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering]], and three [[American Institute of Architects Thomas Jefferson Award for Public Architecture|Thomas Jefferson Awards for Public Architecture]], which is sponsored by the [[American Institute of Architects]]. The school also boasts 39 [[Fulbright Scholar]]s since 2001, and thirteen [[NSF-GRF|National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship]]s since 2004.<ref name=facts />


==Notable faculty==
==Notable faculty==
{{See|Presidents of Cooper Union}}
{{Further|Presidents of Cooper Union}}
{{See|Category:Cooper Union faculty}}
{{Further|Category:Cooper Union faculty}}
Notable faculty of the Cooper Union include:
Notable faculty of the Cooper Union include:
* [[Raimund Abraham]], architect
* [[Raimund Abraham]], architect
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* [[Eleanor K. Baum]], electrical engineer
* [[Eleanor K. Baum]], electrical engineer
* [[Mary Blade]], mechanical engineer
* [[Mary Blade]], mechanical engineer
* [[Teresa Abi-Nader Dahlberg]], academic administrator and electrical engineer
* [[John Christopher Draper]], chemist and surgeon
* [[John Christopher Draper]], chemist and surgeon
* [[Thomas Eakins]], painter
* [[Thomas Eakins]], painter
Line 201: Line 199:
* [[Charles Gwathmey]], architect
* [[Charles Gwathmey]], architect
* [[Hans Haacke]], artist
* [[Hans Haacke]], artist
* [[John Hejduk]], architect
* [[Basil King (painter and poet)|Basil King]], painter and writer
* [[Basil King (painter and poet)|Basil King]], painter and writer
* [[Jonas Mekas]], filmmaker
* [[Jonas Mekas]], filmmaker
Line 223: Line 222:
'''Literature'''
'''Literature'''
* The Cooper Union acts as a symbol of [[Progressivism in the United States|Progressivism]] in the [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning novel ''[[His Family]]'' (1917) by [[Ernest Poole]], as well as in the novel ''From Immigrant to Inventor'' (1924) by [[Michael Pupin]].
* The Cooper Union acts as a symbol of [[Progressivism in the United States|Progressivism]] in the [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning novel ''[[His Family]]'' (1917) by [[Ernest Poole]], as well as in the novel ''From Immigrant to Inventor'' (1924) by [[Michael Pupin]].
* Cooper Union is the meeting place of two main characters in ''The Gilded Hour'' (2015), a historical novel by [[Sara Donati]]. The characters meet at Abraham Lincoln's 1860 speech at Cooper Union.<ref>{{cite web |title=COOPER UNION |url=https://thegildedhour.com/cooper-union/ |website=Historical Fiction by Sara Donati |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Donati |first1=Sara |title=The Guilded Hour |date=2015 |publisher=Berkley Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0425283349}}</ref>
* Cooper Union is the meeting place of two main characters in ''The Gilded Hour'' (2015), a historical novel by [[Sara Donati]]. The characters meet at Abraham Lincoln's 1860 speech at Cooper Union.<ref>{{cite web |title=COOPER UNION |url=https://thegildedhour.com/cooper-union/ |website=Historical Fiction by Sara Donati |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Donati |first1=Sara |author-link1=Rosina Lippi |title=The Guilded Hour |date=2015 |publisher=Berkley Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0425283349}}</ref>


'''Television'''
'''Television'''
*41 Cooper Square was frequently shown in episodes of the television series ''[[Instinct (U.S. TV series)|Instinct]]'', wherein it was depicted as the NYC 11th police precinct.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Lindsay |title=Alan Cumming Calls Brooklyn's Historic William Ulmer Brewery Home on 'Instinct' |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/tripideas/alan-cumming-calls-brooklyn-s-historic-william-ulmer-brewery-home-on-instinct/ar-AAMuLu6 |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=MSN |date=July 23, 2021}}</ref>
*41 Cooper Square was frequently shown in episodes of the television series ''[[Instinct (U.S. TV series)|Instinct]]'', wherein it was depicted as the NYC 11th police precinct.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Lindsay |title=Alan Cumming Calls Brooklyn's Historic William Ulmer Brewery Home on 'Instinct' |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/tripideas/alan-cumming-calls-brooklyn-s-historic-william-ulmer-brewery-home-on-instinct/ar-AAMuLu6 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326222705/https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/tripideas/alan-cumming-calls-brooklyn-s-historic-william-ulmer-brewery-home-on-instinct/ar-AAMuLu6 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |access-date=26 March 2022 |publisher=MSN |date=July 23, 2021}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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{{EB1911 poster|Cooper Union}}
{{EB1911 poster|Cooper Union}}
*{{Official website|https://cooper.edu/}}
*{{Official website|https://cooper.edu/}}
*[http://library.cooper.edu/archive/foundation_building_frameset.html Information about Cooper Union and the Foundation Building from The Cooper Union Library and Archives]
*[http://library.cooper.edu/archive/foundation_building_frameset.html Information about Cooper Union and the Foundation Building from The Cooper Union Library and Archives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126155426/http://library.cooper.edu/archive/foundation_building_frameset.html |date=2020-01-26 }}
*[http://www.nyc-architecture.com/LES/LES025.htm New York Architecture Images – the Cooper Union Foundation Building]
*[http://www.nyc-architecture.com/LES/LES025.htm New York Architecture Images – the Cooper Union Foundation Building]
*[http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/march/the-cooper-union.htm Original 1861 Harper's Weekly Story on the Cooper Union]
*[http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1861/march/the-cooper-union.htm Original 1861 Harper's Weekly Story on the Cooper Union]

Revision as of 19:58, 18 April 2024

Not to be confused with Cooper University Hospital, a teaching hospital in Camden, New Jersey.

The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
The Cooper Union's Foundation Building, at Cooper Square and Astor Place (2019)
The Cooper Union's Foundation Building at Cooper Square and Astor Place in 2019
TypePrivate college
Established1859; 165 years ago (1859)
AccreditationMSCHE
Endowment$920 million (2021)[1]
PresidentLaura Sparks[2]
Academic staff
57 (full time) (2017/2018)[3][4][5][6]
Students800–900[7]
Location
Manhattan, New York City
,
New York
,
United States
CampusUrban
ColorsMaroon and Gold    
Websitecooper.edu
The Cooper Union
LocationCooper Square
Manhattan, New York City
Built1858–59
ArchitectF.A. Peterson
NRHP reference No.66000540
NYSRHP No.06101.000441
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[8]
Designated NHLJuly 4, 1961[9]
Designated NYSRHPJune 23, 1980
Designated NYCLMarch 15, 1966
Spoken Article – Cooper Union (Overview & History)

Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, commonly known as Cooper Union, is a private college on Cooper Square in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Peter Cooper founded the institution in 1859 after learning about the government-supported École Polytechnique in France.[10][11][12] The school was built on a radical new model of American higher education based on Cooper's belief that an education "equal to the best technology schools established"[13] should be accessible to those who qualify, independent of their race, religion, sex, wealth or social status, and should be "open and free to all".[14]

The college is divided into three schools: the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, the School of Art, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. It offers undergraduate and master's degree programs exclusively in the fields of architecture, fine arts (undergraduate only), and engineering.

Cooper Union was one of very few American institutions of higher learning to offer a full-tuition scholarship to every admitted student, a practice it discontinued in 2014, now offering a half-tuition scholarship to each admitted student.[15] Admission to Cooper Union is competitive, with an acceptance rate of 12% across the three schools.[16][17]

History

Founding and early history

The Cooper Union was founded in 1859[18] by American industrialist Peter Cooper, one of the richest businessmen in the United States. Cooper was a workingman's son who had less than a year of formal schooling. Cooper designed and built America's first steam railroad engine and made a fortune with a glue factory and iron foundry. He was a principal investor and first president of the New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph Company, which laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable, and once ran for President under the Greenback Party, becoming the oldest person ever nominated for the office by a political party.[19][20]

The interior of the Great Hall, c. 2005

Cooper's dream was to give talented young people the one privilege he lacked: a good education from an institution which was "open and free to all".[21] To achieve these goals, Cooper designated the bulk of his wealth to The Cooper Union. According to The New York Times in 1863, "It was rare that those of limited means, however eager they might be to acquire a knowledge of some of the higher branches of education, could obtain tuition in studies not named in the regular course taught in our public schools."[22] Discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, or sex was expressly prohibited.[22]

Development after founding

Originally intended to be named simply "the Union", the Cooper Union began with adult education in night classes on the subjects of applied sciences and architectural drawing, as well as day classes primarily intended for women on the subjects of photography, telegraphy, typewriting and shorthand in what was called the college's Female School of Design. The early institution also had a free reading room open day and night, the first in New York City[23] (predating the New York Public Library system),[24] and a new four-year nighttime engineering college for men and a few women.[25][26] In 1883, a five-year curriculum in chemistry was added as an alternative to the applied science (engineering) program.[27] A daytime engineering college was added in 1902, thanks to funds contributed by Andrew Carnegie.[25] Initial board members included Daniel F. Tiemann,[28] John E. Parsons,[28] Horace Greeley and William Cullen Bryant, and those who availed themselves of the institute's courses in its early days included Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Thomas Alva Edison[29] and William Francis Deegan.

The Cooper Union's free classes have evolved into three schools: the School of Art, the Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture, and the Albert Nerken School of Engineering. Since 1859, the Cooper Union has educated thousands of artists, architects, and engineers, many of them leaders in their fields.[30]

After 1864 there were a few attempts to merge Cooper Union and Columbia University, but these were never realized.[31]

The Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, was founded in 1897 as part of Cooper Union by Sarah, Eleanor, and Amy Hewitt, granddaughters of Peter Cooper.

Cooper Union in 1876

Structure-building era

The Foundation Building

Cooper Union's Foundation Building is an Italianate brownstone building designed by architect Fred A. Petersen, one of the founders of the American Institute of Architects. It was the first structure in New York City to feature rolled-iron I-beams for structural support; Peter Cooper himself invented and produced these beams.[32] Petersen patented a fire-resistant hollow brick tile he used in the building's construction.[33][34] The building was the first in the world to be built with an elevator shaft, because Cooper, in 1853, was confident an elevator would soon be invented. However, he expected them to be cylindrical, so he designed the shaft in the shape of a circle.[35] The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961,[9][36][37] and a New York City Landmark in 1965,[38] and added to the Historic American Engineering Record in 1971.[39]

The Foundation Building's Great Hall

Presidential candidate Abraham Lincoln February 27, 1860, the day of his famous Cooper Union speech in New York

On February 27, 1860, the school's Great Hall, located in the basement level of the Foundation Building, became the site of a historic address by Abraham Lincoln.[40] "Lincoln made his address on a snowy night before about 1,500 persons."[41]

Widely reported in the press and reprinted throughout the North in pamphlet form, the speech galvanized support for Lincoln and contributed to his gaining the Party's nomination for the presidency. It is now referred to as the Cooper Union Address.[42]

Since then, the Great Hall has served as a platform for historic addresses by American Presidents Grant, Cleveland,[43] Taft,[44] Theodore Roosevelt,[45][46] Woodrow Wilson,[47][48][49] and Bill Clinton. Clinton spoke on May 12, 1993, about reducing the federal deficit and again on May 23, 2006, as the Keynote Speaker at The Cooper Union's 147th Commencement, along with Anna Deavere Smith.[50][51] He appeared a third time on April 23, 2007, along with Senator Edward Kennedy, Henry Kissinger, Norman Mailer, and others, at the memorial service for historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. Most recently, Barack Obama delivered an economic policy speech at Cooper Union's Great Hall on April 22, 2010.[52][53] On September 22, 2014, President of the Palestinian National Authority Mahmoud Abbas delivered his first formal speech in English.[54]

Other speakers in the Great Hall have included Frederick Douglass, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Mark Twain.[55]

The Great Hall continues to serve as an important metropolitan art space and has hosted lectures and performances by such key figures as Joseph Campbell, Steve Reich, Salman Rushdie, Ralph Nader, Hamza Yusuf, Richard Stallman, Rudolph Giuliani, Pema Chodron, Michael Bloomberg, Evo Morales, and Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez. When not occupied by external or hosted events, the Great Hall is made accessible to students and faculty for large lectures and recreational activities, including the school's annual Culture Show. In 1994, the Cooper Union Forum of Public Programs was honored with a Village Award from the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation.[56]

Renovated Great Hall entrance, with main hall partially visible through open doors

In late 2008, the Great Hall was closed to students and outside events for the first major renovation of the hall since 1978.[57]

Modern changes

The Cooper Union has schools in architecture, fine art, and engineering. At present, these three fields represent Cooper Union's degree programs. The Faculty of Humanities and Social Studies provides classes and faculty to all three programs.[58]

In 2002, the school decided to generate revenue by razing its engineering building and having it replaced with a commercial building, and replacing its Hewitt Building with a new building called 41 Cooper Square.[59]

41 Cooper Square

Main article: 41 Cooper Square
Cooper Union's 41 Cooper Square, seen from Cooper Triangle Park

A new classroom, laboratory, and studio facility designed by Thom Mayne replaced the aging Hewitt Academic Building at 41 Cooper Square. In contrast to the Foundation Building, 41 Cooper Square is of modern, environmentally "green" design, housing nine above-ground floors and two basements. The structure features unconventional architectural features, including a full-height Grand Atrium, prevalent interior windows, a four-story linear central staircase, and upper-level skyways, which reflect the design intention of inspiring, socially interactive space for students and faculty. In addition, the building's design allows for up to 75% natural lighting, further reducing energy costs. In 2010, 41 Cooper Square became the first academic and laboratory structure in New York City to meet Platinum-level LEED standards for energy efficiency.[60] The building was funded in part by alumni donations, materialized in nameplates and other textual recognition throughout the building.[61]

Main Atrium and Grand Staircase of 41 Cooper Square

Primarily designed to house the Cooper Union's School of Engineering and School of Art, the new building's first eight above-ground floors are populated by classrooms, small engineering laboratories, study lounges, art studio space, and faculty offices. The ninth, top floor is dedicated completely to School of Art studio and classroom space in addition to the art studio spaces located throughout the building. The lowest basement level consists almost completely of the school's large machine shops and design laboratories, as well as much of the HVAC and supply infrastructure. The building's first basement level houses primarily the Frederick P. Rose Auditorium, a 198-capacity lecture hall and event space designed as a smaller, more modern alternative to the Great Hall.[62]

Financial support

Spoken Article – Cooper Union (Financial Support)

A substantial portion of the annual budget, which supports the full-tuition scholarships in addition to the school's costs, is generated through revenues from real estate. Its endowment is over $600 million.[63] The land under the Chrysler Building is owned by the endowment,[63] and as of 2009, Cooper Union received $7 million per year from this parcel. Further, under a very unusual arrangement, New York City real-estate taxes assessed against the Chrysler lease, held by Aby Rosen,[64] are paid to Cooper Union, not the city. This arrangement would be voided if Cooper Union sold the real estate. In 2006, Tishman Speyer signed a deal with the school to pay rent that has escalated to $32.5 million in 2018.[32]

Financial crisis and tuition controversy

See also: Cooper Union financial crisis and tuition protests

Around October 29, 2011, rumors circulated the school was in serious financial trouble. On October 31, a series of open forums were held with students, faculty, and alumni to address the crisis.[65]

Current and past students voiced opposition to charging tuition.[66][67] The then-president of the school, Jamshed Bharucha, indicated depletion of the school's endowment required additional sources of funding. In 2012, the college announced approval from its board of trustees to attempt to establish a new tuition-based cross-disciplinary graduate program, expand its fee-based continuing education programs, and impose tuition on some students in its existing graduate programs.[68][69]

In December 2012, as a protest against the possibility of undergraduate tuition being charged, 11 students occupied a suite[70] in the Foundation Building for a week.[71] Charging high tuition was complicated by the school's lack of customary amenities offered by other high-tuition schools.[72]

The college ended its free tuition policy for undergraduates in 2014, but offers need-based tuition remission to incoming undergraduates on a sliding scale.[73] On May 8, 2013, a group of students occupied President Bharucha's office in protest over news reports about ending free tuition. The administration, board of trustees, and those members of the Cooper Union community who had been occupying the Office of the President since early May reached an agreement that ended the occupation on July 12.[74]

Throughout 2013, 2014, and 2015, the Committee to Save Cooper Union (CSCU) — a coalition of former and current students, alumni and faculty — campaigned to reverse this decision, urging the president and the board of trustees to return Cooper Union to "its tuition-free and merit-based mission, ensure the school’s fiscal recovery, and establish better governance structures."[75]

On September 1, 2015, the school and the CSCU announced the CSCU's lawsuit against the school's administration was resolved in the form of a consent decree signed by Cooper Union, then-New York State's Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, and the CSCU. The decree includes provisions for returning to a sustainable, tuition-free policy, increased board transparency, additional student, faculty and alumni trustees, an independent financial monitor appointed by the Attorney General, and a search committee to identify the next full-term president.[76][77][78]

On January 15, 2018, the Free Education Committee (FEC) of the school's Board of Trustees released their recommended plan to return to full-tuition scholarships for undergraduates only by the academic year starting in the fall of 2028.[79] In March 2018, the board released its approved, updated version with the same milestone.[80]

Academics

Spoken Article – Cooper Union (Academics, et al.)
Academic rankings
Baccalaureate
Washington Monthly[81]1
Regional
U.S. News & World Report[82]2

The Albert Nerken School of Engineering

The Cooper Union's School of Engineering is named in honor of Albert Nerken, a chemical engineering alumnus of the school.[83] Its enrollment includes about 550 students, and is the largest of the three schools by a significant margin. The school offers ABET-accredited Bachelor of Engineering (BE) degree programs in core engineering fields and an interdisciplinary Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) degree. Opportunities are also available for engineering students to pursue minors in bioengineering, chemistry, computer science, humanities and social sciences, and mathematics.[84]

Specialized facilities for teaching and research include the Maurice Kanbar Center for Biomedical Engineering established in 2002[85][86] and the interdisciplinary Maker Space Lab, established in 2020 for the use of engineering, art, and architecture students.[87]

Master's in Engineering

The School of Engineering offers master's degrees in chemical, civil, electrical, or mechanical engineering. Cooper Union undergraduate engineering students may earn a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in as little as five years.[88]

Albert Nerken School of Engineering main office, located on the second floor of 41 Cooper Square

The School of Art

41 Cooper Square, where some of the art studios are located

Consisting of roughly 200 students and 70 faculty members,[89] the Cooper Union School of Art offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree and a Certificate of Fine Arts.[90] As a member school of AICAD, School of Art students may participate in exchange programs with the other colleges in the association, including California Institute of the Arts and Otis College of Art and Design.[91]

The Cooper Union Art program is often referred to as "generalist" or "versatile" when compared to other Fine Arts colleges; incoming students do not choose an academic major within the Fine Arts field, but instead are permitted and encouraged to select courses from any of the School of Art's departments.[92] The curriculum place heavy emphasis on each student's creative and imaginative abilities, rather than technical precision in a specific medium.[93]

Painting/Drawing studio and classroom in 41 Cooper Square.

Galleries

Located in both public spaces and specialized rooms, Cooper Union's galleries provide space for installations and showcases by students, faculty, and guest artists.[94] Popular gallery locations include the Great Hall lobby in the Foundation Building and newly opened 41 Cooper Gallery in 41 Cooper Square, which provides a two-story high space for large, three-dimensional exhibitions and works visible from both the building lobby and 7th street through large plate-glass windows.[95]

In addition, numerous smaller exhibition spaces exist throughout both buildings on campus. Larger spaces on the upper floors of the Foundation Building are used primarily for interdisciplinary exhibitions with the School of Architecture. For presentations of video and digital media, the Great Hall and 41 Cooper Square's Rose Auditorium are used.[90]

Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture

The Irwin S. Chanin School of Architecture at the Cooper Union offers a five-year NAAB accredited program established by John Hejduk. The philosophical foundation of the school was directly committed to the "Social Contract" and dedicated to education as "one of the last places that protects freedom, and teaching as a sociopolitical act, among other things."[96] among those other things were principles of free debate and theoretical discourse which drew source from deep wellsprings of lost histories such as the Bauhaus school of Architecture founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

The faculty includes architects, design and construction managers such as Peter Eisenman, Samuel Anderson, Nader Tehrani, and Diana Agrest. Former faculty members include the architects Michael Webb, Peter Eisenman, Raimund Abraham, Lebbeus Woods, Diane Lewis and John Hejduk.

Master of Architecture II

The post-professional degree program in architecture was launched in 2009.[97] Concentrations in one or a combination of three areas are offered: theory, history and criticism of architecture, urban studies and technologies.[98]

Athletics

Cooper Union has developed an athletic program[99] which fields teams in basketball, volleyball, and soccer.[100]

Notable alumni

Main article: Notable alumni of Cooper Union
Further information: Category:Cooper Union alumni

Awards received by Cooper Union alumni include one Nobel Prize in Physics, a Pritzker Prize, fifteen Rome Prizes, 26 Guggenheim Fellowships, three MacArthur Fellowships, nine Chrysler Design Awards, three Emmy Awards, one Tony, one Grammy, one Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering, and three Thomas Jefferson Awards for Public Architecture, which is sponsored by the American Institute of Architects. The school also boasts 39 Fulbright Scholars since 2001, and thirteen National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships since 2004.[7]

Notable faculty

Further information: Presidents of Cooper Union
Further information: Category:Cooper Union faculty

Notable faculty of the Cooper Union include:

In popular culture

Film

Literature

Television

  • 41 Cooper Square was frequently shown in episodes of the television series Instinct, wherein it was depicted as the NYC 11th police precinct.[106]

See also

References

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cooper Union.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Cooper Union".

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