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Events

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Deaths

Holidays and observances

References

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Events

★ 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.

★ 1568 - Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary Queen of Scots are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.

★ 1619 - Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason.

★ 1648 - Construction of the Red Fort at Delhi was completed.

★ 1779 - War of Bavarian Succession: Russian and French mediators at the Congress of Teschen negotiate an end to the war. In the agreement Austria receives the part of its territory that was taken from them (the Innviertel).

★ 1787 - Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England with eleven ships full of convicts (First Fleet) to establish a penal colony in Australia.

★ 1830 - Ecuador gains its independence.

★ 1846 - Mexican-American War: The United States declares war on Mexico.

★ 1848 - First performance of Finland's national anthem.

★ 1861 - American Civil War: Queen Victoria of Britain issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.

★ 1861 - Great Comet of 1861 discovered in Australia.

★ 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Resaca – the battle begins with Union General Sherman fighting toward Atlanta.

★ 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Palmito Ranch – In far south Texas, more than a month after Confederate General Lee's surrender, the last land battle of the Civil War ends with a Confederate victory.

★ 1880 - In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway.

★ 1888 - With the passage of the ''Lei Áurea'' ("Golden Law"), Brazil abolishes slavery.

★ 1909 - The first Giro d'Italia took place in Milan. I