|
|
| A |
| AGROVOC |
| Multilingual agricultural thesaurus produced by FAO, and used for indexing and cataloguing in many organizations and institutes around the world. |
|
| Top |
| A |
| Authority file |
| An authority file is a tool used to establish forms of names (for persons, places, meetings, and organizations), titles, and subjects used on bibliographic records. Authority files provide uniform access to materials and clear identification of authors and subject headings. |
|
| Top |
| C |
| CABC |
| CABI Codes. For more information, see: CABI Publishing Homepage http://www.cabi-publishing.org/ |
|
| Top |
| C |
| CABT |
| CABI Thesaurus. For more information, see: CABI Publishing Homepage http://www.cabi-publishing.org/ |
|
| Top |
| C |
| Classification system/Schemes |
| Classification systems/schemes have been used by libraries to arrange materials by subject. Dewey Decimal System, AGRIS Subject Categories are two such examples. |
|
| Top |
| C |
| Concept map |
| Concept maps are tools for organizing and representing knowledge. They illustrate concepts and the relationships between them. These relationships are indicated by words that specify the relationship between two or more concepts. |
|
| Top |
| C |
| Controlled list |
| A collection of preferred terms that are used to assist in more precise retrieval of content. Controlled vocabulary terms can be used for categorizing content. One type of a controlled vocabulary is a taxonomy of terms. |
|
| Top |
| D |
| Dictionary |
| A book dealing with the individual words of a language (or certain specified classes of them), to lay down their pronunciation, signification, and use, their synonyms, derivation, and history, or at least some of these facts. There is no explicit hierarchy or attempt to group terms by concept. |
|
| Top |
| D |
| Domain Knowledge |
| A domain is an area of control or a sphere of knowledge, e.g. acquaculture, fisheries. Domain knowledge is the extent and depth of practical experience and recorded understanding that an individual, institute or organization has of a given sphere of activity. |
|
| Top |
| F |
| Fact sheet |
| A fact sheet is a synthesis of textual and statistical data presented in a single web page for an object. |
|
| Top |
| G |
| Gazetteer |
| A gazetteer is a dictionary of place names. Traditionally, gazetteers have been published as books or as indexes to atlases. |
|
| Top |
| G |
| Glossary |
| A glossary is an alphabetized collection of definitions of terms. Glossary entries help the general reader to understand new or uncommon terms. |
|
| Top |
| L |
| Lexical databases |
| A knowledge base about a subset of words in the vocabulary of a natural language. One component of a lexicon is a terminological ontology whose concept types represent the word senses in the lexicon. The lexicon may also contain additional information about the syntax, spelling, pronunciation, and usage of the words. |
|
| Top |
| O |
| Ontology |
| The term "ontology" has been used for a number of years by the artificial intelligence and knowledge representation community but is now becoming part of the standard terminology of a much wider community including information systems modelling and XML. It describes domain knowledge in a generic way and provides an agreed-upon understanding of a domain. A more concise definition might be: An ontology is a system that contains terms, the definitions of those terms, and the specification of relationships among those terms. |
|
| Top |
| O |
| Open standards |
| The goal behind open (product-independent) standards initiatives for information formats such as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), is not that of creating structured, i.e. restrictive, information standards. The Open Standards movement looks for ways of providing forums to discuss and promote interoperability standards; and to recommend ways of extending and improving interoperability among users. |
|
| Top |
| R |
| Reference tables |
| A reference table contains data that have metadata and that are handled in a reference table management application. |
|
| Top |
| S |
| Semantic Web |
| The Semantic Web is the name given to the "vision" of the creator of the World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee, whereby every site on the Web will understand the data on every other site, not due to rigidly enforced standard protocols or grab-all formats; but thanks to total data knowledge produced by data mappings. XML (Extensible Mark-up Language) and RDF (Resource Description Framework) are tools to bring this about. |
|
| Top |
| S |
| Subject Headings |
| Subject headings provide a set of controlled terms to represent the subject of items in a collection. Their structure is generally shallow, with a limited hierarchical structure. |
|
| Top |
| T |
| Taxonomies |
| Taxonomies are knowledge representation instruments, typically used in natural and life sciences to understand, group and classify nature, like plants and animals. |
|
| Top |
| T |
| Terminology databases |
| A set of one or several collections of information pertaining to terms and their usage in electronic form. A terminology database may cover one or several subject fields. |
|
| Top |
| T |
| Thesaurus |
| A taxonomy that also includes associated and related terms. It is the most complex type of controlled vocabulary, and is used to standardize an organizations terminology and subsequently both search and navigation. |
|
| Top |
| T |
| Topic Maps |
| An ISO standard for describing knowledge structures and associating them with information resources. The topics, associations, and occurrences that comprise topic maps allow them to describe complex structures such as ontologies. They are usually implemented using XML (XML Topic Maps, or XTM). As opposed to RDF, Topic Maps are more centralized because all information is contained in the map rather than associated with the resources.Topic maps allow readers to navigate by following topics that may appear in multiple documents. A topic is a link that contains a title and points to places in documents where there are occurrences of this topic. These places, otherwise called anchors, can be grouped according to the roles they play, and the anchor roles orient the navigation (eg. definition, mention, example, etc.). A topic map is functionally equivalent to multi-document indexes, glossaries and thesauri. Topics are organized in types, each instance of a topic type has a title, and each occurrence of a given topic type is described including the semantics of the anchor role. |
|
| Top |
| X |
| XML |
| eXtensible Markup Language. XML is the universal format for structured documents and data on the Web. It is designed to improve the functionality of the Web by providing more flexible and adaptable information identification. It is called extensible because it is not a fixed format like HTML (a single, predefined markup language). Instead, XML is actually a 'metalanguage' -- a language for describing other languages -- which lets you design your own customized markup languages for limitless different types of documents. XML can do this because it's written in SGML, the international standard metalanguage for text markup systems (ISO 8879). |
|
| Top |
| X |
| XML Schema |
| A "schema" is a blueprint for a specific class of XML document: it lays down rules for the types of elements and attributes allowed within an XML document, the types of values that accompany such elements, and the order and occurrence of these elements. |
|
| Top |
print-friendly version